Seroepidemiology of pertussis infection in an urban childhood population in Cameroon

Stroffolini, Tommaso; Giammanco, Anna; Chiarini, A; Taormina, Susanna; Sarzana, Antonietta; Mazza, Giulia; Maggio, Maria Cristina; Chiaramonte, M.; Ngatchu, Theodore; Lantum, Daniel Noni

doi:10.1007/bf00221343

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although household size has been found to have no influence on the rate of infection [23, 24], Strofolini et al . concluded that for children from a household of ⩾9 members, aPT antibody values were 2·2 times higher than those with <9 members [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pertussis immunity status in schoolchildren immunized with whole-cell vaccine

Duranoglu

Sönmez²,

Vurucu

et al. 2009

Epidemiol. Infect.

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It has recently been reported that the worldwide increase in the number of pertussis cases is a result of the waning of whole-cell vaccine-induced immunity. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the pertussis immunity status of primary and secondary school students in a district of Ankara, Turkey. A total of 997 healthy students, aged 9-17 years, who had been immunized with four doses of whole-cell pertussis vaccine were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two age groups: 9-14 and 15-17 years. To determine the immune status, serum levels of IgG anti-pertussis toxin (aPT) antibody were tested by in-house ELISA and arbitrarily evaluated as non-immune [< 10 ELISA units (EU)/ml], immune (10-100 EU/ml), and recent infection (> 100 EU/ml). Serum samples of 997 students (559 females, 438 males) aged between 9 and 17 years (mean 13.02 +/- 2.25, median 13 years) were tested. Non-immune, immune and recent infection levels of aPT were found in 27.3%, 59.3% and 13.4% of individuals, respectively. The immune group did not have statistically significant differences between males and females (P = 0.68). In the 9-14 and 15-17 years age groups, serum aPT antibody levels 10 EU/ml were 73.1% and 72.2%, respectively, which did not represent any statistical difference (P = 0.81). Students aged 15-17 years had a higher immunity rate than the 9-14 years group, and the percentage of students with recent infection in the 9-14 years group was higher than the 15-17 years group (P < 0.001). The peak age of non-immunized subjects was 9 years (47.0%), and decreased to a minimum at age 12-13 years, and began to increase again from age 13-14 years. In contrast, the ratio of recent infection was least at age 9-10 years, began to increase, and reached a peak at 12 years, and then decreased. On the other hand, it was observed that household size and monthly income were not associated with the immunity status (P = 0.65, P = 0.37, respectively). The results of the present study show that levels of antibody against pertussis decreased in the younger age groups and, as a result, there is an increase in the number of pertussis cases. Thus, in order to decrease the incidence of pertussis and protect infants, we recommend the application of booster doses at regular intervals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pertussis immunity status in schoolchildren immunized with whole-cell vaccine

Duranoglu

Sönmez²,

Vurucu

et al. 2009

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…There were five studies which reported epidemiology data for pertussis in Africa, namely Senegal [ 27 ], Tunisia [ 28 ], Algeria [ 29 ], Nigeria [ 30 ], and Uganda [ 31 ], and seven studies which reported sero-epidemiology in Senegal [ 32 ], Cameroon [ 33 ], South Africa [ 34 ], Tunisia [ 35 , 36 ], Morocco [ 37 , 38 ], and Gambia [ 39 ]. There were seven studies with mortality data including Nigeria [ 30 , 40 ], Ethiopia [ 41 ], Morocco [ 42 ], South Africa [ 43 , 44 ], and Senegal [ 27 ].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-PT IgG levels were assessed in 365 children, and overall, 75% were seropositive (PT IgG levels three times the mean value of negative sera [PT IgG < 80 IU/ml] obtained from young children). Seroprevalence increased significantly by age: 5 years, 62%; 6–7 years, 67%; 8–9 years, 73%; 10–11 years, 82%; and 12–14 years, 81% ( p < 0.001) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Burden, and Mortality in Africa

Macina

Evans²

2021

Infect Dis Ther

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The Global Pertussis Initiative recommends diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccination of infants aged \ 1 year for all African countries, and recommends the vaccination of pregnant women as a primary prevention strategy. However, the role of older children and adults in the transmission of pertussis in Africa is not clear. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS was undertaken to identify studies published between 1 January 1990 and 17 June 2019, with information on pertussis epidemiology, burden of illness, and mortality in school-aged children, adolescents, and adults in Africa. Studies identified for inclusion were reviewed narratively because a statistical comparison was not possible because of the mix of methodologies used.Studies from North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria) reported that although DTP4 vaccine coverage is high, severe pertussis-related complications persist in young children, vaccine-acquired immunity wanes in adolescents, and household contacts are important transmitters of infection. A serosurvey in Gambia showed that 6% of the general population had pertussis antibody levels suggesting recent infection, and studies from Senegal showed that pertussis infection was endemic despite high DTP3 coverage. During a pertussis outbreak in Ethiopia, the case fatality rate was 3.7% overall, and 6.3% among children aged 5-9 years. In a case-surveillance study in South Africa, the incidence of pertussis among hospitalized children was 526/100,000, and infection rates were higher in HIV-exposed and -infected children compared with uninfected children. In conclusion, the highest burden of pertussis in Africa is among infants, and surveillance is lacking in many African countries meaning that the burden of pertussis among infants and infection rates among older children and adults are not well reported, and likely underestimated.

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“…Whole-cell sonicates (WC) of B. pertussis were used as antigens for ELISAs in the 1980s [3,[12][13][14] but were gradually replaced by purified antigens: pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PTN) and fimbrial proteins (FIM). PT and FHA ELISAs were utilized in serosurveys to assess population immunity and exposure to B. pertussis [15][16][17][18][19] and the presence of PT antibodies has been correlated with protection against pertussis [20][21][22]. Assays for IgG, IgM and IgA to PT and FHA have been used extensively during vaccine trials in which they were thoroughly validated [23][24][25][26][27] and showed high specificity for the detection of recent infections by B. pertussis [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of IgA, IgM and IgG antibody-detecting assays based on filamentous haemagglutinin, pertussis toxin and Bordetella pertussis sonicate in a strictly adult population

Klement¹,

Kagan²,

Hagain³

et al. 2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Pertussis diagnosis among adults is primarily based on serology. In this study, receiver operation characteristics (ROC) analysis was utilized to evaluate three IgA, IgM and IgG ELISAs based on B. pertussis whole-cell sonicate (WC), pertussis toxin (PT), or combined PT-filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) antigens in a healthy adult population and in adults suffering from symptoms consistent with pertussis. The assays were compared to a PT and FHA reference ELISA. The reference assay showed high correlation with PT- and PT-FHA-based ELISAs but low correlation was found with the WC-based ELISA. However, ROC analysis indicated that all the assays enabled fine differentiation between healthy subjects and subjects suffering from symptoms suggestive of pertussis. The WC IgA ELISA showed the best diagnostic performance [highest specificity (98.8%) with highest sensitivity (53.8%)]. We conclude that despite a low correlation between the various assays they all carry good diagnostic capability for an adult population.

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Seroepidemiology of pertussis infection in an urban childhood population in Cameroon

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of pertussis immunity status in schoolchildren immunized with whole-cell vaccine

Evaluation of pertussis immunity status in schoolchildren immunized with whole-cell vaccine

Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Burden, and Mortality in Africa

Correlation of IgA, IgM and IgG antibody-detecting assays based on filamentous haemagglutinin, pertussis toxin and Bordetella pertussis sonicate in a strictly adult population

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