Seroepidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Yamagata, Japan, in 2014

Abstract

To clarify the seroepidemiology of human parechovirus type 1 (HPeV1), 3 and 6, neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) were measured in 214 serum specimens collected in 2014 in Yamagata, Japan. The seroprevalence against HPeV1 was 100% in all age groups, while that against HPeV3 and HPeV6 was 79.4% and 66.8%, respectively, overall. The geometric mean titers of NT Abs against HPeV1, 3 and 6 were 755.2, 255.0 and 55.9, respectively, overall. Our findings indicate that HPeV1 is the most prevalent HPeV circulating in Yamagata, followed by HPeV3 and HPeV6.

Parechovirus A Infections in Healthy Australian Children During the First 2 Years of Life: A Community-based Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

“…However, neither study recruited before 3 months of age, and both sampled less frequently (monthly) and could sequence fewer (30%-73%) positive samples, meaning short or sequential episodes may have been missed [13,15]. By age 24 months, 94.9% of ORChID children had at least 1 PeV infection, agreeing with the Norwegian (86%), but not Finnish (48%) studies [10,13,15], and aligning with seroprevalence surveys [10,11,30]. In ORChID, primary…”

“…The overall PeV incidence rate was 144 (95%CI, 128-161) episodes per 100 child-years. Incidence rates for the 3 major types (PeV-A types 1, 3, and 6) were 64 (95% CI, 54-75), 24 (95% CI, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and 27 (95% CI, 21-35) episodes per 100 childyears, respectively. After the first 3 months of life, the incidence of new PeV infections rose steadily until age 8 months before plateauing and then gradually declining in the second year ( Supplementary Figure 4).…”

Longitudinal Epidemiology of Viral Infectious Diseases Combining Virus Isolation, Antigenic Analysis, and Phylogenetic Analysis as Well as Seroepidemiology in Yamagata, Japan, between 1999 and 2018

“…In the low PeV-A3 activity season in 2017, when we did not detect any PeV-A3 in our routine community surveillance, we found a sporadic case of PeV-A3-associated-myalgia myositis in Yamagata and suggested the importance of maintaining a careful clinical watch to identify further cases of this disease (51). We also carried out a seroepidemiological study on PeV-A1, PeV-A3, and PeV-A6 using Yamagata isolates (52). We hope that the mechanism of the disease will be resolved, the situation regarding the prevalence of this disease abroad will be known well, and laboratory diagnostic techniques for PeV-A3 will be developed and made generally available (50,53).…”

Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 Infection

“…Thus, it has been speculated that an outbreak of HPeV3 among children is a necessary background condition for an outbreak of epidemic myalgia in adults (15). The positive rate for neutralizing antibodies against HPeV3 has been reported to increase with age until the late teens but seems to decline in older age groups (9,16). Therefore, it has been speculated that individuals between 20 and 40 years old do not have enough neutralizing antibodies, leading to an increase in the prevalence of HPeV3-associated myalgia among them.…”