Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among children in Mongolia: Results of a nationwide survey

Davaalkham, Dambadarjaa; Ojima, Toshiyuki; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Tsend, Navaansodov; Lkhagvasuren, Tserenkhuu; Wiersma, Steven; Uehara, Ritei; Watanabe, Makoto; Oki, Izumi; Nakamura, Yosikazu

doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2007.02364.x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These data support the hypothesis of an inhomogeneous distribution of HBV infection between the urban (33%) and rural (67%) components of the population of Lao PDR [12]. In contrast to observations that show HBsAg carriage rates are significantly higher in rural than in urban areas, such as in Mongolia [13] or Vietnam [14], Laos' situation would be comparable to that of northern Gabon where HBsAg prevalence (12.9% in urban areas versus 7.6% in rural areas) seems to be linked to high population density in the main city and significant population movements related to trade with neighboring countries [15]. Whether the urban populations are more heavily exposed to sources of HBV infection or more extensively screened for HBsAg carriage would deserve to be clarified.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Choisy

Keomalaphet

Xaydalasouk

et al. 2017

Hepatitis Research and Treatment

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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) is still considered a highly endemic country for hepatitis B, mainly due to perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite efforts made since 2004 for universal immunization of newborns. The prevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage in pregnant women is a relevant marker for the risk of mother-to-child HBV transmission. This study aimed to assess the changes in prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women attending the Mahosot Prenatal Clinic (Vientiane Capital). Methods. A retrospective study was performed in the Mahosot Hospital Laboratory to collect and analyze all the results of HBsAg testing in pregnant women from 2008 to 2014. Results. Of a total of 13,238 tested women of mean age of 26 years, 720 women (5,44% [95 CI: 5.1–5.8%]) were found HBsAg positive, the annual prevalence ranging from 4.6% to 6.2%. A slight but steady and significant decrease in prevalence over the 7 years of the study could be documented. Conclusion. Although below the 8% hyperendemic threshold, the HBsAg prevalence observed in pregnant women in Vientiane reflects a high risk of HBV perinatal transmission and call for a widespread infant immunization with an HBV vaccine birth dose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Choisy

Keomalaphet

Xaydalasouk

et al. 2017

Hepatitis Research and Treatment

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“…Thus, measurement of aminotransferase levels remains the most common and convenient way to identify liver inflammation in patients with chronic HBV infection. But the relationship may be better established by serial observations and analysis rather than by a single examination of aminotransferase levels 17. ALT levels have been correlated positively with liver inflammation, and patients with persistently normal ALT levels had significantly lower liver histology scores compared with patients with either persistently or intermittently elevated ALT levels 18-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Infection in an Adult Population in Northeast China

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Sun³

et al. 2011

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background and aim: The prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is higher in adults than in children. We determined the seroepidemiology of HBV infection in an adult population in JiLin, China, to guide effective preventive measures.Methods: A cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted throughout JiLin, China. A total of 3833 people was selected and demographic and behavioral information gathered. Serum samples were tested for HBV markers and liver enzymes.Results: The prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), the antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), and the antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were 4.38%, 35.66%, 1.38%, 6.65%, and 40.88%, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly higher among HBsAg (+) than HBsAg (-) subjects. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors for chronic HBV infection were smoking, poor sleep quality; occupation as private small-businessmen, laborers, or peasants; male gender; family history of HBV; personal history of vaccination; and older age. Independent predictors for exposure to HBV were large family size, occupation as a private small-businessman, male gender, family history of HBV, personal history of vaccination, and older age. Independent predictors for immunity by vaccination were occupation as a private small-businessman, high income, personal history of vaccination, and young age. Independent predictors for immunity by exposure were drinking, male gender, personal history of vaccination, and older age.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of HBV infection (4.38%) was lower than the previous rate of general HBV vaccination. However, 44.59% of the population remained susceptible to HBV. The prevalence of HBV infection was high in young adults, private small-businessmen, peasants, those with a family history of HBV, and males. Therefore, immunization of the non-immune population is reasonable to reduce hepatitis B transmission between adults.

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“…The design of the survey and sampling procedures have been described elsewhere. 16,17 Because the nationwide survey was conducted throughout the country including the four main geographic regions and the metropolitan area of Mongolia with stratified, multistage, random cluster sampling to assess the universal vaccination program against hepatitis B, the subjects in this study were representative of different geographic regions, including urban and rural areas ( Figure 1). The ages of the subjects ranged from 7 to 12 years (mean ± SD ‫ס‬ 8.8 ± 0.9 years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Mongolia: Analyses of Geographic Distribution, Risk Factors, and Disease Severity

Davaalkham

Ojima²,

Uehara³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection among Mongolian school children were assessed by detecting the antibody against HDV and HDV RNA, and through structured interviews. The study subjects consisted of 181 children with the past or ongoing hepatitis B virus infection who were investigated during the nationwide serosurvey conducted in 2004. The prevalence of antibody to HDV was 6.1%, with the proportion of 13.6% among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive subjects, all of whom had HDV RNA. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that injections (> 11 times) (odds ratio [OR] = 8.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-54.07) and blood sampling (> 3 times) (OR = 5.34, 95% CI = 1.12-25.53) in health care settings, hospitalization (> 3 times) (OR = 6.20, 95% CI = 1.18-32.71), and cohabitating with patients with chronic hepatitis (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.26-16.55) predicted the seropositivity for antibody to HDV. These results suggest that parenteral exposures in health care settings and household transmission are the main routes of HDV transmission among Mongolian children.

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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among children in Mongolia: Results of a nationwide survey

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Vientiane, Laos, 2008–2014

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Infection in an Adult Population in Northeast China

Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Mongolia: Analyses of Geographic Distribution, Risk Factors, and Disease Severity

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