Seroepidemiological survey on canine leishmaniasis among dogs from an urban area of Brazil

Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Brito, Maria Edileuza Felinto de; Brandão-Filho, Sinval Pinto

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.008

Cited by 101 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Results of the IFAT -which is a serological method indicated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (BRASIL, 2006) to confirm CVL -were used in this study. Despite the fact that, theoretically, any dog can develop the infection, a bimodal distribution of the canine infection has been described (DANTAS-TORRES et al, 2006), with peak of cases in dogs under three years of age and dogs between eight and ten years old, in accordance with observations of this study, where dogs under three years old were the most affected by the infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several epidemiological studies have been carried out on the importance of the dog as L. infantum reservoir in Brazil aiming to determine CVL prevalence in endemic and non-endemic areas (DANTAS-TORRES et al, 2006;SILVA et al, 2008;CRUZ et al, 2010;FREHSE et al, 2010). The present survey and serological analysis through IFAT detected the infection of Leishmania sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Almeida

Sousa

Cruz

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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In Brazil, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic and the number of cases in humans and dogs has increased in the Midwest region. A transversal study was carried out in endemic areas from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, to assess data on seroprevalence and risk factors associated to canine infection. Four hundred and thirty (430) dogs were randomly evaluated through indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) considering variables related to the animals, the environment and the knowledge by owners on CVL aspects and control. From 430 dogs, 95 (22.1%) were seroreagent for leishmaniasis and animals living in rural environments present risk 1.9 times higher for acquiring the disease than those in urban environments (p = 0.01; OR 1.9). Factors related to animals' habits, such as free access to the street and guard function were considered indicators to predict infection by Leishmania sp. (p < 0.05) by statistical univariate analysis. The presence of agricultural activities was also a fact that contributed for the insurgence of the infection (p = 0.02; OR 1.68). The results contributed to the knowledge on the aspects of CVL in Cuiabá and point to an urgent need to include educational and sanitary programs in the city, since the region presents favorable characteristics for spreading the infection of CVL as already observed in other Brazilian cities.Keywords: Canine visceral leishmaniasis, dogs, risk factors, infection, Brazil. ResumoNo Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral canina (CLV) é endêmica e, na região Centro-Oeste, o número de casos em humanos e cães tem aumentado. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em áreas endêmicas de Cuiabá (MT) com objetivo de avaliar dados sobre a soroprevalência e determinar os fatores de risco associados à infecção canina. Quatrocentos e trinta (430) cães foram aleatoriamente avaliados pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta, considerando-se variáveis relacionadas aos animais, o ambiente e o conhecimento por parte dos proprietários sobre aspectos da CLV e seu controle. Dos 430 cães, 95 (22,1%) apresentaram-se soros reagentes para leishmaniose, e os animais que viviam em ambiente rural apresentaram risco 1,9 vezes maior de adquirir a infecção dos que aqueles em ambiente urbano (p = 0,01; OR 1,9). Fatores relacionados aos hábitos dos animais, tais como o livre acesso à rua e função de guarda, foram considerados indicadores para prever a infecção por Leishmania sp. (p < 0,05) em análise estatística univariada. A presença de atividade agrícola foi também um fato que contribuiu para a ocorrência da infecção (p = 0,02; OR 1,68). Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento sobre os aspectos da CVL em Cuiabá e apontam para uma necessidade urgente de incluir ações educativas e sanitárias na cidade, já que a região possui características favoráveis para a dispersão da doença como já observado em outras cidades.Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral canina, cães, fatores de risco, infecção, Brasil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Almeida

Sousa

Cruz

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…A statistically significant association was observed between the signs and infection by L. infantum, though this result disagrees with the serological findings reported for canine VL in a previous study (SANTOS et al, 2010). Nevertheless, it is important to stress that not every symptomatic dog was diagnosed as VL-positive, which agrees with the conclusions reached by Osman et al (1997) and Dantas-Torres et al (2006). Azevedo et al (2008) obtained a somewhat disturbing and opposite result, reporting that 55.2% of VL-positive dogs in their study were asymptomatic.…”

Section: Parasitological Findingscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Molecular and parasitological detection of Leishmania spp. in dogs caught in Palmas, TO, Brazil

Teles

Agostini

Bigeli

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study evaluated occurrences of Leishmania infantum in dogs in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, comparing diagnostic data obtained using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and parasitological diagnosis. Blood samples and lymph node aspirates were collected from 63 dogs of males and females and various ages and races, with or without owners, between August 2009 and June 2010. Slides containing smears of lymph node aspirates were stained with Giemsa stained. In PCR, the 145 bp target sequence of the LT1 fragment, located in the Leishmania donovani kDNA minicircle was detected using the RV1 and RV2 oligonucleotide primers. The chi-square test revealed that there was a significant relationship between the symptoms and dogs that were positive for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The parasitological investigation showed concordance of 66.7% with PCR on blood and 84.1% with PCR on lymph node aspirate. In addition to these tests, evaluations of the diagnoses in parallel and in series were conducted, which showed concordances with the parasitological test of 76.2% and 74.6%, respectively. The results make it possible to suggest that PCR on lymph nodes should be used in evaluating large populations (surveys) and that the parasitological test should be used for initial clinical evaluations in veterinary consultation offices.Keywords: PCR, blood, lymph node aspirate, parasite, diagnosis. ResumoAvaliou-se a ocorrência de Leishmania infantum em cães do município de Palmas-TO, comparando dados diagnósticos obtidos pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e pelo diagnóstico parasitológico. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue e de aspirado de linfonodo de 63 cães machos e fêmeas, várias idades e raças, domiciliares ou não de agosto de 2009 a junho de 2010. As lâminas contendo esfregaço dos aspirados de linfonodos foram coradas pelo corante Giemsa. Na PCR, a sequência alvo de 145 pb do fragmento LT1, situado no minicírculo do kDNA do grupo Leishmania donovani, foi detectada através dos oligonucleotídeos iniciadores RV1 e RV2. O teste χ 2 (Qui-quadrado), demonstrou haver relação significativa entre a sintomatologia e a positividade dos cães para Leishmaniose Visceral (LV). O exame parasitológico mostrou uma concordância de 66,7% com a PCR em sangue e 84,1% com a PCR de aspirado de linfonodo. Além destas análises, houve a avaliação dos diagnósticos em paralelo e em série, onde as concordâncias com o exame parasitológico foram de 76,2% e 74,6%, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem sugerir a utilização da PCR de linfonodos na avaliação de grandes populações (inquéritos), e o exame parasitológico para a avaliação clínica inicial em consultórios veterinários.Palavras-chaves: PCR, sangue, aspirado de linfonodos, parasita, diagnóstico.

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“…There is no scientific evidence demonstrating the impact of dog culling on human infection. Another widely discussed aspect is the cut-off value used to define positive or negative IFAT reactions 6 . In AVL endemic areas, the BRAZILIAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH 20 recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs that are reactive in the IFAT assay at dilutions of 1:40 or higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

Figueiredo

Madeira

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

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Seroepidemiological survey on canine leishmaniasis among dogs from an urban area of Brazil

Cited by 101 publications

References 35 publications

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Molecular and parasitological detection of Leishmania spp. in dogs caught in Palmas, TO, Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

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