SEROCLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF Anaplasma marginale BACTERIA IN CARRIER ARABIAN ONE - HUMPED CAMELS

Abstract

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of ruminants and wild animals that caused by an intra erythrocytic bacterium, Anaplasma marginale. Under natural conditions, camels become infected in areas where the disease is endemic. Camels that survive from acute infection become carriers because of the capability of these bacteria to deception the immune system using antigenic variations. Although, several serological methods were concerned for Anaplasma marginale IgG antibodies detection, but the competitive indirect ELISA test was more sensitivity and specificity. The present study was conducted at Al-Najaf and Wasit provinces on 120 camels, selected randomly from both sexes and divided into two aged groups. The total sero positivity prevalence was (10.83%); and depending on provincial basis was (8.57%) in Al-Najaf and (14%) in Wasit provinces. Clinically, the sero positive prevalence two age groups (<5 and >5 years old) had (6.67%) and (15%), respectively. No significant differences (P<0.005) were encountered in sero positive camels in related to sex and vital signs (temperature, respiratory and heart rates), emaciation and paleness of the mucous membrane, while the rough hair coat and presence of ticks encountered a significant difference (P< 0.05).

Vector-borne bacteria in blood of camels in Iran: New data and literature review

“…In this study, Anaplasma bacteria were not detected in Giemsa- [48][49][50][51][52][53] stained blood smears. As presented in Table 2, Anaplasma spp.…”

“…In a previous study, Anaplasma strains from dromedary camels in Iran and Tunisia were consistently placed on a divergent cluster from those found in Bacterian camel in China suggesting that (i) the causative agents of anaplasmosis in two species of Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus are independent from each other, (ii) genetic diversity of Candidatus Anaplasma camelii is not dependent on the geographical area, and (iii) it is related to host species [15]. Our finding of identical lineages in deer and cattle in Malaysia [33] and cattle in Bangladesh [34], suggest that Candidatus Anaplasma camelii is not geographically restricted to the Middle East and North [48][49][50][51][52][53] Africa as well as lack of host specificity. Interestingly most genotypes differing in just one nucleotide were found in cattle, goat or blood-fed mosquitoes in China, but the Candidatus Anaplasma camelii genotype was not found in China.…”

“…. Sazmand, et al Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 65 (2019)[48][49][50][51][52][53] …”

Prevalence and molecular characterization of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Nigeria

“…Limited studies have been conducted regarding the infection of camels with Anaplasmataceae. For example, Anaplasma marginale has been detected in camels using serological tests [8,9]. However, other studies found no evidence of DNA of this bacterium [10,11].…”

Molecular survey of zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum and genetic evidence of a putative novel Anaplasma species in goats from Taif, Saudi Arabia

“…Few studies concerned microscopic examination of blood smears detected these bacteria in camel (40.5%), cattle (0.98%, 1%, and 3.4%), and sheep (2%) [52][53][54]. Other two serological surveys demonstrated the occurrence of A. marginale in camel (8.57% and 14%) [55], as well as A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum in sheep and goats [46]. In addition, only three molecular studies were performed to elucidate the molecular identity of Anaplasma spp.…”