Sero-epidemiology of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in sheep and goats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Malik, Andi Adam; Ijaz, Muhammad; Yaqub, Tahir; Avais, Muhammad; Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair; Aslam, Hassaan Bin; Aqib, Amjad Islam; Farooqi, Shahid Hussain; Sohail, Tariq; Ghaffar, Awais; Ali, Ahmad; Khan, Amjad

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.010

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The present finding is relatively lower than the seroprevalence of BTV in small ruminants previously reported by different authors in different countries, such as 41.17% in small ruminants in Southern Ethiopia [27], 46.67% in sheep in central Ethiopia [28], 78.4% in small ruminants in Grenada [29], 56.6% in sheep in Pakistan [20], and 45.7% in small ruminant in India [30]. However, the current study's 39.3% seropositivity to BTV in sheep is higher than the prior research estimates of 6.57% seropositivity in sheep in Southeast Iran [12] and 5.70% in sheep in Algeria [31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Sheep from Chandgaon showed the highest positivity (80%). Malik et al [20] identified sampling sites as a significant risk factor for BTV seropositivity in sheep, and also reported variation in the prevalence of BTV in different locations in Ethiopia. The varying seroprevalence of BTV in other study sites in this study may be due to differing sample sizes and geographical variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study published in 2014 from Northern Kerala, India, stated 16% seroprevalence of BTV in sheep [19], whereas conversely, in Pakistan, the seroprevalence was 56.6% in sheep [20]. Bangladesh shares its borders with India, which has long recognized BT as an endemic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in sheep of Chattogram, Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious disease of wild and domestic ruminant animals caused by the BT virus (BTV). Bangladesh having a border with a BTV-endemic country, India and a substantial number of susceptible animals. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate BTV seroprevalence and potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: We collected 150 serum samples from indigenous sheep from Chattogram, Bangladesh. We screened the serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BTV-specific immunoglobulin. Results: We detected antibodies against BTV in 39.3% (59/150; 95% confidence interval: 31.5–47.6) of all sampled sheep. Factors like sampling site, sheep rearing location, rearing sheep with other farm species, and body condition score had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on the seroprevalence of BTV. Conclusion: The findings show that indigenous sheep have a higher BTV seroprevalence, necessitating sustained surveillance for early diagnosis and a better understanding of virus epidemiology in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in sheep of Chattogram, Bangladesh

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the climatic and geographical conditions of the breeding area are conducive to the survival, propagation, and transmission of the Culicoides midges, which are the vectors that transmit BTV. A higher intensity of vector is directly linked with the increased seroprevalence of BTV (97). The zoogeographical division subgroup showed that the seroprevalence of bluetongue disease in cattle from China was correlated positively with the distribution of Culicoides species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of the Bluetongue Virus in Cattle in China From 1988 to 2019: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Gong

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Background: Bluetongue caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV) is a non-contagious and an insect-borne disease mainly affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue in cattle is associated with vesicular lesions, weight loss, low milk production, and low reproductive capacity. It should not be ignored as it is associated with large economic losses to the livestock breeding industry in China. Although many studies have investigated bluetongue virus infection in cattle, no nationwide study on the prevalence of bluetongue virus infection in cattle from China has yet been conducted. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for bluetongue in cattle.Results: We collected 50 publications from 1988 to 2019 through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Chinese Web of Knowledge (CNKI), VIP Chinese journal database, and Wanfang database. A total of the pooled bluetongue seroprevalence of 12.2% (5,332/87,472) in cattle was tested. The point estimate of bluetongue collected from 2001 to 2011 was 22.5% (95% CI: 1.2–58.9), which was higher than after 2012 (9.9%, 95% CI: 3.3–19.4). The analysis of the feeding model subgroup revealed that the seroprevalence of bluetongue was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among free-range cattle (22.5%; 95% CI: 7.7–42.3) than among cattle from intensive farming systems (1.8%; 95% CI: 0.0–6.7). The seroprevalence of bluetongue in different species showed significant variation (P < 0.05), with the highest seroprevalence of 39.8% (95% CI: 18.7–63.0) in buffalo and the lowest seroprevalence of 4.3% (95% CI: 1.2–9.0) in yak. In the zoogeographical division subgroup, the seroprevalence of bluetongue correlated positively within a certain range with the species distribution of Culicoides.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that bluetongue was prevalent in cattle in China. In addition, the contact with sheep, other ruminants, or transmission media such as Culicoides may increase the seroprevalence of bluetongue disease in cattle. It is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of the bluetongue seroprevalence. Moreover, comprehensive and improved strategies and measures should be implemented to prevent and control the spread of bluetongue.

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“…This is important because recent studies have indicated a role of camelids as a disease reservoir that may lead to dissemination and persistence of BTV into the environment and, therefore, can result in an increased risk of infection in susceptible ruminants (Garcıa-Bocanegra et al, 2011;Batten et al, 2011). Though disease is believed to be sub-clinical in Pakistan, an increased prevalence in camel population in this study and those reported in the recent years in small and large ruminants in Punjab province (T. Sohail et al, 2019), and small ruminants in Baluchistan province and Khyber Pakhtun Khwan province (Malik et al, 2018) suggest otherwise and, therefore, urge to strengthen clinical expertise of veterinarians to a level enough to discriminate BT from other closely related clinical conditions, such as PPR and foot and mouth disease, and develop appropriate laboratory-based differential diagnostics. As far as genome-based serotyping of prevalent BTV is concerned in camel population, multiple serotypes (1, 8 and 11) were identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

et al. 2020

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An extended range of host susceptibility including camel has been evidenced for some of the important veterinary and public health pathogens, such as brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and bluetongue (BT). However, in disease endemic settings across many parts of the globe, most of the disease control interventions accounts for small and large ruminants, whereas unusual hosts and/or natural reservoirs, such as camels, remain neglected for disease control measures including routine vaccination. Such a policy drawback not only plays an important role in disease epizootiology particularly in settings where disease is endemic, but also serves an obstacle in disease control and subsequent eradication in future. With this background, using pre-validated ELISA and molecular assays [multiplex PCR, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and real-time (rt)-PCR], we conducted a large-scale pathogen-and antibody-based surveillance for brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue in camel population (n = 992) originating from a wide geographical region in southern part of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Varying in each of the selected districts, the seroprevalence was found to be maximum for bluetongue [n = 697 (70.26%, 95% CI: 67.29-73.07)], followed by PPR [n = 193 (19.46%,] and brucellosis [n = 66 (6.65%, 95% CI: 5.22-8.43)]. Odds of seroprevalence were more significantly associated with pregnancy status (non-pregnant, OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86-5.63, p<0.01), farming system (mixed-animal, OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.56-4.29, p<0.01), breed (Desi, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28-4.03, p<0.01) and farmer education (illiterate, OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.45-6.93, p<0.01) for BTV, body condition (normal, OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.92-6.54, p<0.01) and breed (Desi, OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09-4.40, p<0.01) for brucellosis, and feeding system for PPR (grazing, OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79-4.22, p<0.01). Among the total herds included (n = 74), genome corresponding to BT virus (BTV) and brucellosis was detected in 14 (18.92%, 95 CI: 11.09-30.04) and 19 herds (25.68%, 95% CI: 16.54-37.38), respectively. None of the herds was detected with genome of PPR virus (PPRV). Among the positive herds, serotype 1, 8 and 11 were detected for BTV while all the herds were exclusively positive to B. abortus. Taken together, the study highlights the role of potential disease reservoirs in the persistence and transmission of selected diseases in their susceptible hosts and, therefore, urges necessary interventions (e.g., inclusion of camels for vaccine etc.) for the control of diseases from their endemic setting worldwide.

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Sero-epidemiology of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in sheep and goats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in sheep of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in sheep of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of the Bluetongue Virus in Cattle in China From 1988 to 2019: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

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