Serious Psychological Distress and Diabetes: A Review of the Literature

Egede, Leonard E.; Dismuke, Clara E.

doi:10.1007/s11920-011-0240-0

Cited by 108 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this study, emphasis was placed on the psychosocial experiences of people with diabetes, as diabetes affects not only the body but also the psyche and spirit (25)(26)(27)(28). The novelty of this study is that it investigated not only negative emotions such as fear, shame, and sadness but also adaptive means of coping with diabetes, such as having a positive attitude and receiving psychosocial support from others.…”

Section: Adaptive Ways Of Coping With Diabetes From a Psychosocial Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Accounts of the Negative and Adaptive Psychosocial Experiences of People With Diabetes in the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVETo identify the psychosocial experiences of diabetes, including negative accounts of diabetes and adaptive ways of coping from the perspective of the person with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSParticipants were 8,596 adults (1,368 with type 1 diabetes and 7,228 with type 2 diabetes) in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study. Qualitative data were responses to open-ended survey questions about successes, challenges, and wishes for improvement in living with diabetes and about impactful experiences. Emergent coding developed with multinational collaborators identified thematic content about psychosocial aspects. The k measure of interrater reliability was 0.72. RESULTSAnalysis identified two negative psychosocial themes: 1) anxiety/fear, worry about hypoglycemia and complications of diabetes, depression, and negative moods/hopelessness and 2) discrimination at work and public misunderstanding about diabetes. Two psychosocial themes demonstrated adaptive ways of coping with diabetes: 1) having a positive outlook and sense of resilience in the midst of having diabetes and 2) receiving psychosocial support through caring and compassionate family, friends, health care professionals, and other people with diabetes. CONCLUSIONSThe personal accounts give insight into the psychosocial experiences and coping strategies of people with diabetes and can inform efforts to meet those needs and capitalize on strengths.

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Section: Adaptive Ways Of Coping With Diabetes From a Psychosocial Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Accounts of the Negative and Adaptive Psychosocial Experiences of People With Diabetes in the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study

et al. 2014

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“…The majority of studies concerning psychological issues and diabetes have focused on depression, a serious comorbid condition (11), or on the negative effect of distress on disease management (12). Apart from studies on depression and distress, limited efforts have been made to investigate the effect of psychological variables on blood sugar regulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood sugar level follows perceived time rather than actual time in people with type 2 diabetes

Chanmo

Pagnini

Reece

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The current study investigates whether perceived time has an effect on blood glucose level in people with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis is that perceived time will have a greater influence over blood glucose level than actual time. Changes in blood glucose levels were measured in 46 participants with diabetes while they completed simple tasks during a 90-min period. Participants' perception of time was manipulated by having them refer to clocks that were either accurate or altered to run fast or slow. Blood glucose levels changed in accordance with how much time they believed had passed instead of how much time had actually passed. These results are an example of the influence psychological processes can directly exert on the body. T he relationship between expectations and physiological responses has received much attention in the study of the placebo effect (1, 2), a phenomenon producing physiological changes in the body without specific biological stimulation (3). For example, the expectation that an activity leads to a decrease in weight may result in an actual reduction of weight (4), and perceptions also change physiological responses to food consumption (5). Similarly, study participants role-playing air force pilots, a group expected to have excellent vision, had better vision than control participants (6). Despite a broad range of data describing the influence of mental states over the body, the role of psychological processes, especially when dealing with chronic health conditions, has been frequently underestimated. The connection between mind and body has received particularly limited attention in the study of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes.Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, is a chronic disease that affects millions (7). Its symptoms include periodic rises in blood glucose levels (BGLs) because the body produces insufficient insulin and/or resists the effects of insulin, leading to short-term severe shock and multiple long-term complications including strokes, neuropathies, kidney disease, and vision problems (8). Genetic factors appear to be a strong biological trigger (9), and obesity seems to be a powerful environmental trigger (10).Although recognized as relevant psychosocial elements in diabetes management, few psychological factors have been studied for the effect they can exert on diabetic physiology. The majority of studies concerning psychological issues and diabetes have focused on depression, a serious comorbid condition (11), or on the negative effect of distress on disease management (12). Apart from studies on depression and distress, limited efforts have been made to investigate the effect of psychological variables on blood sugar regulation. No studies to our knowledge have investigated the potential for psychological mechanisms to directly influence BGLs.Glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes follow a particular time course, but how is the course determined? Current models suggest it is determined solely by physiological factors (13). There is, howeve...

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“…The risk of psychological symptoms in diabetes has been extensively researched and written about with several positive correlations between diabetes and the development of Serious Psychological Distress. This distress condition is manifest by a range of experiences that are personally troubling, confusing, or out of the ordinary [22]. Lin et al [12] in a prospective cohort study of 4,184 patients with type II diabetes concluded that individuals with diabeticdepression face substantially elevated risks beyond cardiovascular deaths.…”

Section: Negative Effects Of Depression On Patient Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%