Serious Mental Illness, Vocational Rehabilitation, and Employment

Krupa, Terry; Chen, Shuping; Carter, Glenda

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08825-9_15

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In clinical settings, understanding client factors which might facilitate or hinder the recovery process can provide insight for practitioners, inform clinical judgement, and guide the rehabilitation and treatment planning processes. People with SMI are prone to adverse experiences, including social rejection (Tong, Sung, & Sánchez, 2019), disruption in education (Shor, 2017), and unemployment (Krupa et al, 2015), which in turn has been found to adversely impact their treatment (Sánchez, Sahker, & Arndt, 2020) and quality of life (Sánchez, Rosenthal, Tansey, Frain, & Bezyak, 2016). In contrast, individuals who learn to deal with difficult life stressors develop resilience (Pietrzak & Cook, 2013), are better equipped to manage psychiatric symptoms (Ventura & Liberman, 2000), and report greater life satisfaction (Palmer, Martin, Depp, Glorioso, & Jeste, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serious mental illness (SMI) is a medical condition that significantly limits functioning (e.g., ability to self‐manage medication; Sánchez, 2020) and consequently restricts independent and effective engagement in major life roles (e.g., work; Sánchez, 2018). Individuals with SMI experience disproportionately high rates of life stressors, such as interpersonal trauma (Mauritz, Goossens, Draijer, & van Achterberg, 2013), physical and sexual violence (Khalifeh, Oram, Osborn, Howard, & Johnson, 2016), social exclusion (Gardner et al, 2019), unemployment (Krupa, Chen, & Carter, 2015), and poverty (Read, Johnstone, & Taitimu, 2013). Exposure to subsequent adversity has been associated with exacerbated psychiatric symptoms, functional impairment, disrupted recovery (Stumbo, Yarborough, Paulson, & Green, 2015), increased risk of developing secondary health conditions (Walker & Druss, 2017), and reduced life expectancy (Tyerman et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS): A study on persons with serious mental illness living in the community

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesResilience, the ability to bounce back from a stressful situation, is a valuable asset for aiding adults with serious mental illness (SMI) in navigating the recovery process. People with SMI experience stress, including traumatic experiences at disproportionate rates. The purposes of this study were to examine the factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) among adults with SMI living in the community.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlational analyses were employed.MethodsThree hundred fifteen adults with SMI were recruited for two studies (Sample 1, n = 122; Sample 2, n = 193) from three states. All participants completed the BRS along with nearly identical positive psychology‐ and psychopathology‐related measures.ResultsEFA revealed the BRS was unidimensional and explained 61.20% of the variance. Results from seven CFA models suggested a bifactor structure for the BRS, which fit the data best. Internal reliability of the BRS was computed to be within acceptable ranges (α = .87, ω = .90). The BRS was positively correlated with measures of positive coping and life satisfaction, providing convergent validity. Divergent validity was supported by negative correlations between the BRS and measures of psychiatric symptoms, succumbing, and self‐stigma.ConclusionsThe BRS is a valid measure that can be used by clinical and research professionals to assess levels of resilience in adults with SMI at baseline and across time.Practitioner points The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to measure a person’s ability to bounce back from stressful situations. The BRS was examined in adults with serious mental illness living in the community. The BRS presented a bifactor structure measuring resilience (an outcome) and correlated with positive psychology‐ and psychopathology‐related measures. The BRS can be used by practitioners to assess levels of resilience in their clients at baseline and over time to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS): A study on persons with serious mental illness living in the community

et al. 2021

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“…For instance, supported employment programme and model of occupational self-efficacy are evidence-based VR programmes that have over the years been used to facilitate work integration for individuals with serious mental illness and TBI respectively [5,6]. Even though clearly defined pathways for vocational re-entry are well recognized for chronic conditions such as mental health, MSD and TBI [5][6][7], none has been identified for stroke as there has been a lack of consensus regarding such clear pathways to vocational re-entry. Similarly, no validated evidence has been established for the essential contents of RTW interventions needed to effectively facilitate work reintegration for the individuals that have experienced stroke.…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a return to work intervention programme for stroke survivor (SReTWIP): a Delphi survey

2020

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Background: Even though clearly defined pathways for vocational re-entry are well recognized for conditions such as mental health, musculoskeletal dysfunction (MSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), none has been identified for stroke. There has been a lack of consensus regarding such clear pathways to vocational re-entry and the essential contents of return to work (RTW) interventions for stroke survivors. As part of a larger study aimed to design a RTW programme for stroke survivors, this study describes the concluding process through which Stroke Return to Work Intervention Programme (SReTWIP) was developed. Methods: Experts in the field of neurorehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation (VR) from 6 countries participated in this 3-round Delphi survey via e-mail. Concept mapping was used to triangulate findings from the Delphi with previous phases of the larger study. Content thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data while descriptive statistic was used to analyze quantitative data.Results: Fifteen experts with a mean age and mean duration of practice of 44.73 ± 9.48 years and 18.26 ± 8.71 years respectively participated in this study. The developed RTW programme (SReTWIP) is a 12 week programme that consisted of four interconnected phases of intervention viz.: an assessment phase, clinic-based work and non-work specific intervention phase, a work test placement phase and a client full participation in worker role phase. The experts agreed on a set of implementation strategies that included the use of interdisciplinary team, the tailoring of intervention to meet stroke survivor's need, as well as the use of case management approach.Conclusion: The SReTWIP is the first step in developing a VR pathway that can ultimately enhance the RTW rates and quick resumption of the worker role of stroke survivors. The stroke survivor can move along the different phases of the SReTWIP after achieving competency in a preceding phase. Future work will include a feasibility study with other key stakeholders involved in RTW such as employers, informal caregivers and stroke survivors before its implementation.

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“…Those released from incarceration also tend to live in close proximity to other released individuals (Soloman et al, 2004) and focus on more narrow employment possibilities, such as warehousing, housekeeping, and construction (Derzis, Shippen, Meyer, Curtis, & Houchins, 2013), leading to higher competition and lower wages (Visher & Bakken, 2014; Soloman et al, 2004). Finally, psychiatric diagnoses, including substance use disorders, which exist at a high rate in an incarcerated population (James & Glaze, 2006), are associated with poor employment (Baldwin & Marcus, 2014; Hamilton, Schneider, Kane, & Jordan, 2015; Harris, Matthews, Penrose-Wall, Alam, & Jaworski, 2014; Krupa, Chen, & Carter, 2015; Poremski, Chong, & Subramaniam, 2015; Poremski, Woodhall-Melnik, Lemieux, & Stergiopoulos, 2016), including veteran populations (Nelson et al, 2016; Zivin et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vocational rehabilitation for veterans with felony histories and mental illness: 12-month outcomes.

LePage¹,

Lewis²,

Crawford³

et al. 2018

Psychological Services

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Lack of employment is an important barrier to successful reintegration encountered by those released from prison with mental illnesses and/or substance use disorders. This study compares 3 different vocational reintegration modalities for a veteran population: (a) basic services; (b) self-study using the ; and (c) the About Face Vocational Program, a standardized group program focused on the. One-hundred eleven veterans with a history of at least one felony conviction and a mental illness and/or substance use disorder were recruited from a large urban Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. Veterans were assigned to 1 of the 3 conditions and followed for 12 months. At the end of the 1-year follow-up period, veterans in the group condition had superior competitive and stable employment rates, as well as faster times to employment compared with both the basic and self-study conditions. The self-study condition was generally indistinguishable from the basic services condition. Overall, new employment during the last 6 months of the follow-up period was relatively low. The findings support the use of standardized group vocational reintegration programs such as the About Face Vocational Program. Limitations and implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Serious Mental Illness, Vocational Rehabilitation, and Employment

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS): A study on persons with serious mental illness living in the community

Factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS): A study on persons with serious mental illness living in the community

The development of a return to work intervention programme for stroke survivor (SReTWIP): a Delphi survey

Vocational rehabilitation for veterans with felony histories and mental illness: 12-month outcomes.

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