Serious eye injuries due to war games.

Acheson, Jonathan; Griffiths, M. F. P.; Cooling, R J

doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6665.26

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Their patient's goggles were driven into the globe from the force of impact of the paintball. Many similar reports have been published since then that described goggle failure 6,11,12,14 and paint entering around the goggles 7 and through ventilation holes. 9,13 In their 1989 report, Welsh et al 17 recommended a simple eye glass style safety lens with side pieces (Fig 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Many of the participants started the game with eye protection but removed them because of fogging, discomfort, or paint on the lens or had the goggles accidentally dislodged while running. 2,3,5,6,12,14,16,17,19 In 1987, Martin and Magolan 4 reported the first case of eye injury despite the use of goggles. Their patient's goggles were driven into the globe from the force of impact of the paintball.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Almost all of the early cases were in people who were voluntarily participating in a paintball activity. Later reports described eye protection failure 4,6,7,9,11,13 and drive-by shootings. 16 Recent experience suggests that paintball injuries are becoming more of a pediatric problem than previously reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Listman

2004

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe the increasing incidence of ocular injuries in the pediatric population caused by paintballs. The awareness of this trend will help the physician who treats the child to give appropriate care as well as educate physicians, who counsel children, about this growing mechanism of pediatric injuries.Methods. Previously unpublished data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission were analyzed to find the frequency of ocular injuries in children. A review of the English-language literature was also conducted to describe trends with regard to age, sex, location at the time of injury, use of eye protection, types of injuries sustained, and long-term visual outcome.Results. The incidence of paintball eye injuries treated in emergency departments has risen from an estimated 545 in 1998 to >1200 in 2000. The proportion of these injuries that occurred in the pediatric population may be well over 40%. These injuries are seen predominantly in boys, a growing proportion of whom are playing informally in unsupervised settings and not wearing eye protection. The cases previously reported include large numbers of hyphemas, retinal detachments, cataracts, corneal abrasions, vitreous hemorrhages, and commotio retina. Many of the patients in these cases sustained permanent visual impairment, with 43% having best vision at follow-up of 20/200 or worse.Conclusions. Pediatric eye injuries caused by paintballs are an unrecognized cause of severe injury and permanent visual loss. The advances in eye protection for participants in "war games" have had little if any effect on the youngest population. Children and teens are unlikely to wear eye protection voluntarily when playing at undesignated or unsupervised locations. Changes should be made to restrict availability of these very dangerous but easily acquired guns and ammunition. Practitioners must counsel young people and their caregivers to avoid injuries by wearing appropriate eye protection. Parents should supervise the use of paintball equipment as they would other activities that involve high-speed projectiles. Pediatrics 2004;113:e15-e18. URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/1/e15; eye injury, paintball, protective gear, children, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Listman

2004

Pediatrics

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“…However, cases have been reported where the EPD was worn by the participant and an eye injury still occurred. In 1 case, 16 the paintball entered under a mask; in another, 17 the paintball displaced the goggles; and in 3 cases, 18,19 the goggles themselves were projected into the eye. In our series, 3 of the ocular injuries (in patients 11, 13, and 26) occurred while the EPD was being worn.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Trends in Paintball Sport–Related Ocular Injuries

Fineman

Fischer²,

Jeffers³

et al. 2000

Arch Ophthalmol

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To describe the type and severity of ocular injuries caused by paintballs, to summarize the outcomes, to determine if the injury occurred in a commercial or noncommercial setting, to compare the number of injuries in each setting as a function of time, and to ascertain whether eye-protective devices were worn and why they were removed. Design: Retrospective analysis of 35 patients who sustained ocular injuries caused by paintballs and underwent evaluation and treatment at an eye hospital from January 1, 1985, to September 30, 1998. Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients underwent a complete ocular examination, diagnostic testing, and surgical intervention when indicated. Results: All patients were male (average age, 22 years). Twenty-six patients (74%) had an initial visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, and visual acuity in 16 (46%) remained 20/200 or worse on follow-up (range, 2 weeks to 22 months). Traumatic hyphema was seen in 21 patients (60%). Twenty-two patients (63%) had access to goggles, 7 (33%) of whom removed them due to fogging before the injury. Injuries sustained after 1995 were 5.8 times (relative risk, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-22.4) more likely to occur during a noncommercial war game than those occurring in 1995 or before. Conclusions: As the popularity of war games increases, so does the potential for serious ocular injury caused by paint pellet guns. Most injuries seen after 1995 occurred in noncommercial war game settings, where the use of eye-protective devices is not required. Industry standards for eye protection have been developed recently and should be implemented.

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Ocular trauma resulting from paintball injury

Pahk

Adelman

2008

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Paintball trauma results in significant ocular injury and loss of vision. Most injuries occur in unsupervised settings without proper eye protection. Ten patients (71%) were injured in accidental or intentional shootings. Lack of supervision and use of paintball materials as assault weapons make the risk for ocular injury more significant. Improved safety features of paintball equipment, along with continued education of proper eye protection, may reduce the incidence of severe ocular injuries.

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Serious eye injuries due to war games.

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Changing Trends in Paintball Sport–Related Ocular Injuries

Ocular trauma resulting from paintball injury

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