Ocular trauma resulting from paintball injury

Pahk, Patricia J.; Adelman, Ron A.

doi:10.1007/s00417-008-0985-2

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Traumatic hyphema was the most common associated ocular injury, present in nine patients, which corroborated Pahk's findings as well as previous reports [1,2]. Lens subluxation was seen in two patients, open globe in three patients (all classified as "ruptures" by standardized ocular trauma classification system) [3], angle recession in three patients, vitreous hemorrhage in seven patients, retinal detachment in four patients, and retinal tear or dialysis without detachment in two patients ( Table 1).…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Ocular injuries sustained in paintball trauma

Kay

Saunders

Pavan

2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Ocular injuries sustained in paintball trauma

Kay

Saunders

Pavan

2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Paintball sports certainly cause some severe eye injuries and have accumulated an extensive literature for such a young sport with its adaptation for recreation being as recent as 1981 . As is evident in other sports, children figure more prominently in injuries reported .…”

Section: Paintballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports eyewear protective standards

Dain

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Eye injuries sustained during sport comprise up to 20 per cent of all injuries to the eye serious enough for medical attention to be sought. The prevalence of eye injuries in sport is not easily assessed due to lack of authoritative participation rates, so most studies report total numbers in a time period. The evidence on the proportion of all ocular injuries that are from sport is reviewed. The relative frequencies in different sports are compared in a qualitative manner and the sports with greater numbers of ocular injuries are detailed. In common with occupational injuries to the eye, most sports eye injuries are considered preventable.The hierarchy of action for occupational risk is detailed and adapted to use in a sports scenario. All the available international, regional and national standards on sports eye protection are detailed and their provisions compared. The major function of the standards is to provide adequate protection against the hazard of the sport concerned. These are detailed and compared as a function of energy transfer. Eye protection must not introduce additional or secondary hazards (for instance, fracturing into sharp fragments on impact) and not introduce features that would deter the wearing of eye protection (for instance, restricting field of view to impede playing the sport). The provisions of the standards intended to limit secondary hazards are detailed and compared.The need for future work in standards writing and the activities of the International Standardization Organization in sports eye protection are detailed.

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“…[ 7 16 17 24 29 30 38 40 ] In some developing countries, outdoor and street injuries are more common. [ 13 14 ] Other accidental causes of OGI in children have been documented,[ 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 ] as well as cases of abuse or assault. [ 15 50 ] Globally, fireworks during cultural celebrations are a common cause of pediatric OGI.…”

Section: Demographics and Nature Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric open globe injury: A review of the literature

Zarbin

Bhagat

2015

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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Open globe injury (OGI) is a severe form of eye trauma estimated at 2-3.8/100,000 in the United States. Most pediatric cases occur at home and are the result of sharp object penetration. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of this condition by conducting a systematic literature search with inclusion of all case series on pediatric OGI published between 1996 and 2015. Diagnosis of OGI is based on patient history and clinical examination supplemented with imaging, especially computed tomography when indicated. Few prospective studies exist for the management of OGI in pediatric patients, but adult recommendations are often followed with success. The main goals of surgical management are to repair the open globe and remove intraocular foreign bodies. Systemic antibiotics are recommended as medical prophylaxis against globe infection, or endophthalmitis. Other complications are similar to those seen in adults, with the added focus of amblyopia therapy in children. Severe vision decline is most likely due to traumatic cataracts. The ocular trauma score, a system devised to predict final visual acuity (VA) in adults, has proven to be of prognostic value in pediatric OGI as well. Factors indicating poor visual prognosis are young age, poor initial VA, posterior eye involvement, long wound length, globe rupture, lens involvement, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis. A thorough understanding of OGI and the key differences in epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis between adults and children is critical to timely prevention of posttraumatic vision loss early in life.

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Ocular trauma resulting from paintball injury

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Ocular injuries sustained in paintball trauma

Ocular injuries sustained in paintball trauma

Sports eyewear protective standards

Pediatric open globe injury: A review of the literature

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