Sequentially Vapor-Grown Hybrid Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Abstract

High-quality and reproducible perovskite layer fabrication routes are essential for the implementation of efficient planar solar cells. Here, we introduce a sequential vapor-processing route based on physical vacuum evaporation of a PbCl2 layer followed by chemical reaction with methyl-ammonium iodide vapor. The demonstrated vapor-grown perovskite layers show compact, pinhole-free, and uniform microstructure with the average grain size of ~ 320 nm. Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells are fabricated using TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD charge transporting layers in regular n-i-p form. The devices exhibit the best efficiency of 11.5% with small deviation indicating the high uniformity and reproducibility of the perovskite layers formed by this route.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-017-2401-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Scalable Deposition Methods for Large‐area Production of Perovskite Thin Films

“…The FAPI device was continuously kept at the maximum power point and did not show any decline after 3h of operation under illumination. Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c-TiO 2 /MAPI/Spiro/Au 0.12 12.1% [157] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c.l.-TiO 2 /MAPI/P3HT/Au 0.104 13.7% [168] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /MAPI/Au 0.08 10.5%* [158] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /MAPBr/Spiro/Au 0.1 8.7% [159] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/TiO 2 nanorods/MAPI/Spiro/Au 8.8 8.1% [161] Vapor-assisted solution processing 3 FTO/TiO 2 /CsMAPI/Spiro/Au 0.1 14.1% [169] Vapor-assisted solution processing 3 FTO/c-TiO 2 /C60/MAPI/Spiro/Au 0.09 18.2%* [170] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c-TiO 2 /C60-MAPI/Spiro/Au 0.09 18.3% [171] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 ITO/PEDOT/MAPI/C60/Ag 0.05 13.1% [172] Vapor-assisted solution processing 2 FTO/c-TiO 2 /MAPI/Spiro/Au 0.09 11.5% [173] Vapor-assisted solution processing Tavakoli et al [183] were the first, and for a long time, the only team to show that a PbI 2 and MAI co-deposition can be achieved in a single tube furnace by placing the material sources into different temperature regimes and transporting the vaporized material through the tube to codeposit on the substrate located in the cooler area. A small-scale PCE of g = 11.1% has been achieved with this technique.…”

Reduced trap-density and boosted performance of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells by 1-Pentanethiol enhanced anti-solvent washing route

“…Since then several studies performed on perovskite solar cells addressed that for further improvement of the PCEs of perovskite solar cells, the morphology of the perovskite layer plays an important role [3]. Except for the thermal evaporation and hybrid routes [4,5], there are mainly solvent-engineering methods that can be divided into two such as one-step and two-step coating [6,7]. Both of them have advantages where two-step routes provide more controlled crystallization [7] and one-step routes come with simplicity, low-temperature processing [8], and greater reproducibility [9].…”

Ultranarrow-band filterless photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbCl x Br3–x mixed-halide perovskite single crystals

“…These materials have been extensively investigated across a wide range of applications in the fields of solar cells, photodetectors, lasers and et al [17][18][19][20]. Perovskite-based narrow-band photodetectors have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional narrow-band detection performance and the ability to tune narrow-band absorption peaks across a broad optical range [21][22][23][24].…”