Sequential Extraction of Valuable Trace Elements from Bayer Process-Derived Waste Red Mud Samples

Gu, Hannian; Wang, Ning; Hargreaves, J. S. J.

doi:10.1007/s40831-018-0164-6

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Information on the processes from taking scandium from different substrates is available (Ghosh et al 2023;Salman et al 2022). Examples are for bauxite waste extraction (Akcil et al 2018;Botelho et al 2020;Gu et al 2018), Rare Earth Element mining (Borra et al 2016;Ribagnac et al 2017), from nickel-cobalt mining wastes (Altinsel et al 2018;Chernoburova and Chagnes 2021;Kaya et al 2017), from coal and coal ash (Arbuzov et al 2014), from titanium substrates (Gao et al 2019;Zhou et al 2008Zhou et al , 2021.…”

Section: About Scandium Production and Resources For Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Supply Dynamics of Scandium, Global Resources, Production, Oxide and Metal Price, a Prospective Modelling Study Using WORLD7

Sverdrup,

Sverdrup

2024

Biophys Econ Sust

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The scandium production rate and price data for scandium oxide and scandium metal was extracted from various sources. Data for extractable resources of scandium were found and evaluated by application of estimated yields. The feasible extractable resource is about 6.1 million ton, and with present technology, about 676,000 ton scandium appear as potentially extractable. The potential for scandium extraction is about 1500 ton/year at present, but only about 45 ton per year was produced in 2022. With improved extraction and access yields, production could be increased to about 450 ton per year, and the scandium resource would increase to about 1.5 million ton. The investigation suggests that there will be an increased demand for scandium metal in the future, but that it is limited by the high price and the lack of a properly functioning market and by a lack of production infrastructure. The scandium market show signs of being disorganized and unstructured. Modelling of future scandium production was done using the WORLD7 integrated assessment model, after development of a scandium module. Simulations show that the price will remain relatively high, but lower than in the past. The most uncertain factor for predicting the price is the size of the demand. The main limitation for making scandium metal is high energy costs and low extraction yields.

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