Sequential extraction of trace metals and particle size distribution studies of Kainji Lake sediment, Nigeria

Abstract

Sequential extraction was carried out to determine the concentrations of some trace metals (Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd) in the Kainji lake sediments from seven different locations in four fractions: exchangeable, bound to iron and manganese oxide, bound to organic matters and residual. This was to undertaken to assess the environmental fate of these trace metals. The BCR technique, a modified form of the Tessier method of sequential extraction was used.The proportion of the mean metal concentrations of the bioavailable metals follows the order Fe4Cu4Pb4Mn4Cd. Generally, Fe was most abundant metal in the sediment and about 40% was found in its bioavailable form. Although Cd contributed least to the bioavailable content, a greater percentage ( $ 60%) was found in the bioavailable fraction. This suggests that Cd is highly mobile and, since it is known to be toxic, its concentration in the bioavailable form constitutes an environmental threat.The contribution of metals bound to organic matter was found to be high and of the same magnitude as those bound to oxides and constitutes about 70% of the non-bioavailable metal contents. The petrological analysis of the sediments revealed that the sediments were predominantly quartz and rock clays with percussion marks and indentations.

Speciation and determination of priority metals in sediments of Oyun River, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria

“…The average concentration value was found to be above the WHO limits of 1.00 mg/kg thus suggesting its toxicity and potential mobility in the sediment sample. Related research work carried out on this metal noted that the metal was generally very high above health standards of federal and world organizations [4,17,18]. The recorded values for lead metal ranged from a minimum of 0 mg/kg all locations except location A that has a maximum value of 0.413 mg/kg with an average concentrations of 0.069 ± 0.154 mg/kg.…”

“…This could be due to the anthropogenic activities and natural factors which lead to the emission of Pb and other associated metals. Some authors had previously linked the presence of Pb in sediment samples as a result of industrial activities and chemicals used in agricultural activities [4,19]. Most researchers found this metal to be toxic as it was generally found to be above health standard limits [4,18].…”

“…Water can transport both dissolved metals and adsorbed metals to the sediment particles [3]. The analysis of heavy metals in sediments enables one to assess the level of pollution [4].…”

Total concentrations and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments collected from different land use zones in a large city (Nanjing), China

“…The mobility and bioavailability of metals in RDSs are related to their chemical forms. Many sequential extraction procedures have been applied to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in sediments and soils (Gleyzes et al, 2002;Orrono and Lavado, 2009;Adekola et al, 2010 Programme, is one of the important sequential extraction procedures and it has been successfully used in metal fractionation in soils and sediments (Rauret et al, 2002;Ž emberyová et al, 2007), and has been used in this study.…”

Fractionation of metals in the Sa1/2 sediment core from Lake Sarbsko (northern Poland) and its palaeolimnological implications

“…Lithology and bulk chemical composition of the samples are summarised in Tables 1 and 2. Sequential extraction of Fe, Mn, K, Mg, Cu, Zn and Pb was performed on material dried at 60ºC and homogenised in an agate mortar according to the protocol described by Walna et al (2005). Air or oven drying of the samples at temperatures up to 105 ºC have been applied to remove interstitial water from sequentially extracted aquatic (lake and marine) sediments by many authors (Steiberg and TayaraniDastmalian, 1993;Kiratli and Ergin, 1996;Clark et al, 1998;Donahoe and Liu, 1998;Pempkowiak et al, 1999;TokalioÈlu et al, 2000;Ribeiro et al, 2008, Adekola et al, 2010and Oueslati et al, 2010.…”