Sequential Deposition of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ on Planar NiO Film for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The new emerging organometal trihalide perovskite holds great potential for high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells because of its high solar to electricity conversation efficiency (>16%) achieved within 4 years of research and its low-temperature solution processing. In this Letter we introduce NiO as the hole-collecting and -conducting layer in perovskite solar cells. Through a modified sequential deposition strategy, we successfully fabricated high-quality CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 onto a planar NiO layer and built a planar inverted ITO/NiO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 / PCBM/Al photovoltaic device. A device efficiency of 7.6% was achieved with an impressively high open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1.05 V. Our study demonstrates the potential application of a deep work function NiO layer for perovskite solar cells.H igh-efficiency, low-cost solar cells are the everlasting pursuit of photovoltaic research. Very recently, organometal halide perovskite has attracted tremendous research attention because of its potential to realize this goal. First introduced in 2009 by Miyasaka's group as the sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using liquid electrolyte, 1 organometal halide perovskites gradually evolved to solid-state DSSCs by incorporating triarylamine derivative 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) 2 or other materials 3,4 as the hole-transporting and -collecting layer and finally developed into the current form of a planar p−i−n heterojunction device configuration. 5,6 State-of-the-art perovskite solar cells include sequentially deposited CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 to sensitize a mesoporous TiO 2 electrode and achieved 14.1% certified device efficiency 7 and also include a thermally evaporated CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x absorber to build 15.4% planar heterojunction solar cells. 5 This soaring conversion efficiency, coupled with their simple device fabrication process, enables the perovskite solar cell to be a very promising candidate for high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaics. 8,9 Similar to other absorber materials in solar cells, organometal trihalide perovskite is capable of efficient and balanced electron and hole transport. Diffusion lengths of more than 100 nm for C H 3 N H 3 P b I 3 1 0 a n d m o r e t h a n 1 0 0 0 n m f o r CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x 11 were reported from a femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy study and transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements, respectively. As a result, planar heterojunction device configurations are gradually attracting more attention because removal of the mesoscopic layer simplifies device preparation and reduces materials cost. Many planar device architectures, such as TiO 2 / perovskite/spiro-MeOTAD, 5 PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/C 60 , 12,13 and ZnO/perovskite/spiro-MeOTAD, 6 were reported, with the best efficiency achieving 15.7%, 13 competing favorably with perovskite solar cells employing mesoscopic layers. One additional benefit, not yet fully demonstrated in perovskite solar cells but widely accepted in traditional t...

Investigation of NiOx-hole transport layers in triple cation perovskite solar cells

“…Figure 5a shows the The doubling of the series resistance indicates that the NiO x -layer is getting too thick. Other important aspects which have to be taken into account are voids or pinholes that increase in number when the layer thickness of NiO x is decreased [33]. This is consistent with our findings.…”

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…To date, 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite has been synthesized via one-step deposition, [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] sequential deposition, [110][111][112] and 2D/3D perovskite post-treatment approaches. [113][114][115][116] Our group was amongst the first to synthesize MAPbI 3 through exposure to butylphosphonic acid-ammonium chloride (4-ABPACl), which leads to the incorporation of the perovskite layer into a mesoporous titanium dioxide film.…”

Células Solares De Perovskitas: Uma Nova Tecnologia Emergente

“…Além disso, possui alto custo, dificultando sua utilização comercial. 116,117 Desse modo, materiais como poli-triarilamina (PTAA), 78,114,118 poli(3-hexiltiofeno)(P3HT), [119][120][121][122] poli[N-900-heptadecanil-2,7-carbazol-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2--tienil-20,10,30-benzotidiazol)] (PCDTBT), 78 NiO, [123][124][125] CuSCN, [126][127][128][129] CuI, 130,131 entre outras diversas moléculas orgânicas, têm sido estudados para a substituição do spiro-MeOTAD. 36,74,104,132 A Figura 10 apresenta alguns dos HTLs e ETLs recentemente utilizados em células solares de perovskitas e os seus respectivos níveis energéticos.…”