Sequences and interactions of mycorrhizal fungi on birch

Deacon, J.W.; Donaldson, S. J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6833-2_25

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the present study, which focuses on belowground structures (i.e., morphotypes in colonized roots), morphotype A decreased in the absence of Ledum and under nutrient addition, whereas morphotype B, which we believe to be Cenoccocum geophilum, and morphotype D, increased their rates of colonization. These findings suggest that the different fungal symbionts differ in their competitive advantage, depending on community composition and nutrient availability (Deacon and Fleming 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mycorrhizal colonization mediated by species interactions in arctic tundra

2003

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The Alaskan tussock tundra is a strongly nutrient-limited ecosystem, where almost all vascular plant species are mycorrhizal. We established a long-term removal experiment to document effects of arctic plant species on ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and to investigate whether species interactions and/or nutrient availability affect mycorrhizal colonization. The treatments applied were removal of Betula nana ( Betulaceae, dominant deciduous shrub species), removal of Ledum palustre ( Ericaceae, dominant evergreen shrub species), control (no removal), and each of these three treatments with the addition of fertilizer. After 3 years of Ledum removal and fertilization, we found that overall ectomycorrhizal colonization in Betula was significantly reduced. Changes in ectomycorrhizal morphotype composition in removal and fertilized treatments were also observed. These results suggest that the effect of Ledum on Betula's mycorrhizal roots is due to sequestration of nutrients by Ledum, leading to reduced nutrient availability in the soil. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by fertilization, but the removal of Betula and to a lower degree of Ledum resulted in a reduction of ericoid mycorrhizal colonization suggesting a direct effect of these species on ericoid mycorrhizal colonization. Nutrient availability was only higher in fertilized treatments, but caution should be taken with the interpretation of these data as soil microbes may effectively compete with the ion exchange resins for the nutrients released by plant removal in these nutrient-limited soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mycorrhizal colonization mediated by species interactions in arctic tundra

2003

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“…These fungi might thus correspond to 'late stage' fungi (Deacon, Donaldson & Last, 1983;Fleming, 1984). P. croceum frequently occurs in old, mature conifer and broad-leaf forests where it forms networks of mycelial strands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L.

Erland

Söderström

1990

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYPinus sylvestris L. seedlings were grown in the laboratory in a forest humus which had been treated with different levels of CaO to give a soil pH gradient from 4 to 7. After 12 and 15 wk the resulting ectomycorrhizal infection was classified according to macroscopical morphology. The uniformity of the infection types distinguished was evaluated by isolating the fungi from the root tips and infecting seedlings with the isolates obtained. The isolation method was improved by using a medium containing benomyl and chlortetracyclin and by isolating from very small particles. For some mycorrhizal types the fungus was successfully isolated from 80% of the plated root particles.The number of root tips that became mycorrhizal increased from 70% at pH 4 to nearly 100% around pH 5. Thereafter it decreased linearly to reach a minimum of slightly less than 40 % at pH 7-5. Five different mycorrhizal types could be distinguished. They occurred with different abundance, distribution and pH optima. They were present throughout the entire pH range, except for a yellow type, identified as Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjortst., which was not found at values higher than 6-2. There was no great differences between infections on plants harvested after 12 and 15 wk. Seedling growth was constant to pH 5 then it increased up to about pH 7, at higher pH values growth declined.

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“…some fungi might acquire wider ecological tolerance when growing in symbiosis. Both these effects may be involved in successional phenomena, which have been discussed in terms of 'early stage' and 'late stage' fungi [Deacon, Donaldson & Last (1983), Fleming (1983) and Mason et al (1987)]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L.

1990

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summary Growth rates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were measured in pure culture at pH 3–8 on MMN‐agar and sterilized peat, with and without nutrients added. Mycorrhizas were synthesized with Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings and the growth rate of the external mycelium was measured in peat at pH 3.8 and 7.3. The fungi were three isolates of Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjorts., two isolates of an unidentified (pink) mycorrhizal type and one isolate of another unidentified (white long) mycorrhizal type, all isolated from P. sylvestris roots. All three fungi showed much higher (2–5 times) growth rates when grown as symbionts than when grown in pure culture. The P. croceum isolates also grew as symbionts at pH 7.3, where no growth occurred in pure culture. These findings emphasize the danger of generalizing from data obtained in pure culture studies to explain what may happen when fungi grow in symbiosis with host plants. Generally, growth rates in pure culture were higher and the pH tolerance levels were wider on agar than on peat. The exceptions were one P. croceum isolate, which had the fastest pure culture growth rate on peat with MMN, and the pink isolates, which grew at higher pH on peat than on agar. There were no significant differences between growth on peat with and without MMN.

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Sequences and interactions of mycorrhizal fungi on birch

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Mycorrhizal colonization mediated by species interactions in arctic tundra

Mycorrhizal colonization mediated by species interactions in arctic tundra

Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L.

Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris L.

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