Sequence of the human immunoglobulin diversity (D) segment locus: a systematic analysis provides no evidence for the use of DIR segments, inverted D segments, “minor” D segments or D-D recombination 1 1Edited By J. Karn

Corbett, Simon; Tomlinson, Ian M.; Sonnhammer, Erik L. L.; Buck, David; Winter, Greg

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1141

Cited by 278 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The sequence analysis software Genetyx (Software Development, Tokyo, Japan) was used. For the germline D gene attribution, the longest homology was adopted with a minimum of six successive matches or seven successive matches, interrupted by one mismatch (12).…”

Section: Analysis Of Nucleotide Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Histopathological, and Immunogenetic Analysis of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Characterization of MALT Lymphoma and Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

et al. 2001

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Malignant lymphomas and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) in the ocular adnexa are sometimes difficult to differentiate morphologically and have often been categorized together as a lymphoproliferative disorder. Immunogenotypic characters of these diseases have not yet been well clarified. This study included 76 cases of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders. These consisted of 52 cases of malignant lymphoma (43 primary and 9 secondary), 22 of RLH, and 2 borderline cases. There were slightly more male than female subjects. Diagnoses were based on morphology and immunophenotypic characteristics. Clonalities were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes were sequenced in 10 cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. MALT lymphoma constituted 86% (37 cases) of the primary lymphomas. MALT lymphomas were more indolent, more rarely disseminated, and had a lower death rate than the other primary lymphomas. Two patients exhibited coexistence of MALT and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The average age of patients with RLH was 5.5 years younger than that of those with MALT lymphoma. One of the cases of RLH later progressed to malignant lymphoma. B-cell clonality was detected by PCR in 57%, 55%, and 0% of primary lymphomas, MALT lymphomas and RLHs, respectively. Sequencing of VH genes revealed that the VH3 family was the most commonly expressed germline VH family (70%) and that DP-63, DP-54 and DP-47 genes were frequently found in the MALT lymphomas examined. PCR analysis was useful for differentiation between MALT lymphoma and RLH. Sequence analysis of VH genes showed that an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the lymphomagenesis of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.

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Section: Analysis Of Nucleotide Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Histopathological, and Immunogenetic Analysis of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Characterization of MALT Lymphoma and Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

et al. 2001

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“…Briefly, 0.5-1.0 g of DNA were used for the amplification of the V H region gene with a nested primer PCR procedure previously established by our group (12). Briefly, for the first-round PCR, a mixture of family-specific primers for a conserved region of the framework region (FR) 3 1 was combined with a J H consensus primer. For the second PCR, a mixture of family-specific primers for FR2 was combined with a nested consensus J H primer.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Nested Primer Pcr Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) The rearranged V H gene segments were taken from across the entire gene locus. 3) V H gene 3 Abbreviation used in this paper: FR, framework region. segment usage was nonrandom, i.e., some gene segments were overrepresented, while others were not used at all.…”

Section: The Frequencies Of Rearranged V H D H and J H Gene Segmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, TdT is active and inserts N-nucleotides during joining (2). Thus, the NDN region is the most diverse part of the rearranged V H gene because it contains the randomly inserted N nucleotides and most of the D H segments can be translated in more than one reading frame (3). Diversity of the rearranged V H region genes is limited during the early development of the immune system and evolves during ontogeny.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diversification of Ig Heavy Chain Genes in Human Preterm Neonates Prematurely Exposed to Environmental Antigens

Bauer

Zemlin

Hummel

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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Preterm neonates are exposed to extrauterine environmental Ags during the time period that corresponds to the last trimester of normal intrauterine development. To study whether this precocious exposure to Ags accelerates the Ig repertoire diversification, we compared IgH chain genes of preterm neonates (gestational age, 25–29 wk) during their first postnatal months with those of term neonates. Preterm infants approaching their expected date of delivery after 8–13 wk of extrauterine life used a similar VH, DH, and JH gene segment repertoire as term neonates born after intrauterine development. Furthermore, the length increase of the NDN region between VH and JH by 0.25 nt per gestational week (r = 0.556, p < 0.0001) was not accelerated. Thus, the generation of the VH region gene repertoire is developmentally controlled and independent of environmental influences. However, exposure to extrauterine Ags induced class switch and somatic mutations in IgH chain genes within 2 wk after premature birth and IgG transcript diversity and mutational frequency increased with the duration of extrauterine life. Three-month-old preterm infants expressed a heterogeneous IgG repertoire at their expected date of delivery with VH region genes carrying significant numbers of somatic mutations with evidence for Ag selection. Term neonates, however, had no such IgG repertoire. We conclude that restrictions in the neonatal Ig VH region gene repertoire persist until term despite exposure to environmental Ags. Yet, many weeks before term the immune system of the preterm neonate can already support germinal center reactions in response to environmental Ags.

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“…D genes were assigned to the appropriate family based upon the criteria of Klein et al (33). Reading frames of D segment were classified as yielding either a hydrophilic, a hydrophobic, or a stop codon segment (34).…”

Section: Dna Cloning and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Tonsillar Subepithelial B Lymphocytes, the Splenic Marginal Zone Equivalents

Dono

Zupo²,

Leanza

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

115

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The VH4 genes expressed by both resting and in vivo-activated subepithelial (SE) B cells from human tonsils were studied. Resting SE B cells were subdivided according to the presence (IgDlow) or absence (IgM-only) of surface IgD. CD27 was abundant on activated SE B cells and low on resting IgM-only B cells. Resting IgDlow SE B cells could be subdivided into CD27low and CD27high cell fractions. Resting IgDlow SE B cells displayed VH4 genes with a substantial number of mutations (13/29 of the molecular clones were mutated), whereas 25/26 of the clones from resting IgM-only SE B cells were unmutated. Moreover, mutated VH4 genes were detected mainly within the CD27high cell fraction of the IgDlow SE B cells. Several identical unmutated VH4DJH sequences (11/32) were found in different molecular clones from resting IgM-only SE B cells, suggesting local cellular expansion. Both unmutated (14/25) and mutated (11/25) sequences were found in μ transcripts of activated SE B cells. Extensive mutation was observed in the γ transcripts of activated SE B cells. Therefore, SE B cells are heterogeneous, being comprised of B cells with mutated Ig VH4 genes, that are Ag-experienced B cells, and a subset of B cells with unmutated VH4 genes that are either virgin cells or cells driven by Ags that did not induce or select for V gene mutations.

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Sequence of the human immunoglobulin diversity (D) segment locus: a systematic analysis provides no evidence for the use of DIR segments, inverted D segments, “minor” D segments or D-D recombination 1 1Edited By J. Karn

Cited by 278 publications

References 51 publications

Clinical, Histopathological, and Immunogenetic Analysis of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Characterization of MALT Lymphoma and Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Clinical, Histopathological, and Immunogenetic Analysis of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Characterization of MALT Lymphoma and Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Diversification of Ig Heavy Chain Genes in Human Preterm Neonates Prematurely Exposed to Environmental Antigens

Heterogeneity of Tonsillar Subepithelial B Lymphocytes, the Splenic Marginal Zone Equivalents

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