Sequence of the 3′-terminal end (8·1 kb) of the genome of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus: comparison with other haemagglutinating coronaviruses

Sasseville, A. Marie-Josée; Boutin, Martine; Gélinas, Anne-Marie; Dea, S.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2411

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The variation was not significant compared to existing PHEV strains, with the nucleotide identity exceeding 96%. This is because PHEV has remained genetically stable since its first isolation in Canada in 1962 [21]. Therefore, there may exist only one genogroup from PHEV infected pigs, regardless of age, clinical signs and geographical location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For more rapid and accurate PHEV diagnosis, without the need for virus strain, reverse transcriptase PCR and nested PCR methods were developed to detect PHEV using spike gene specific primers [24]. The spike gene of PHEV appears to be the most variable region among coronaviruses [21,25], which can be exploited to enhance the specificity of PHEV detection. However, sensitivity might not be improved because the region is hypervariable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

et al. 2010

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Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) causes vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) or encephalomyelitis, and primarily affects pigs under 3 weeks of age. In this study, we detected PHEV from clinically ill pigs in conventional pig farms in South Korea. From November 2009 to March 2010, a total of 239 pig tissue samples from 91 farms were tested by nested RT-PCR. Among 239 samples, 22 samples from 17 farms were positive for PHEV. The detection rate of suckling pigs, weaning pigs, growers and finishers were 14.3% (12/84), 6.5% (7/107), 7% (3/43), and 0% (0/5), respectively. Symptoms were neurological, respiratory, enteric sign (diarrhea), or nasal bleeding. All pigs were co-infected with other viruses and bacteria and this might have resulted in age variation and clinical signs in the affected pigs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PHEV-positive samples and PHEV reference strains were clustered in the same group. These findings imply the presence of only one genogroup of PHEV, regardless of porcine age, clinical signs, and geographical location.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

et al. 2010

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“…Moreover, there is a tendency of deletions or truncations of these ORFs when crossing the species barriers within the subgroups, e.g . ORF 4a/b in group 2 54., 55., 56., 57., 58.; ORF 3a/b and ORF 7a/b in group 1 41., 42., 47., 48., 50., 70., 71., 72.. The deletions of these redundant accessory ORFs are likely to be the result rather than the cause of crossing the host barriers, as coronavirus host range specificity and tropism have been demonstrated, at least in four studies 7., 73., 74., 75., as determined by the receptorbinding domain of the spike glycoprotein.…”

Section: Molecular Biology Of Sars-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Advances in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Chow

Hon

Hui

et al. 2003

Genomics, Proteomics &Amp; Bioinformatics

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The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 prompted the establishment of a global scientific network subsuming most of the traditional rivalries in the competitive field of virology. Within months of the SARS outbreak, collaborative work revealed the identity of the disastrous pathogen as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, although the rapid identification of the agent represented an important breakthrough, our understanding of the deadly virus remains limited. Detailed biological knowledge is crucial for the development of effective countermeasures, diagnostic tests, vaccines and antiviral drugs against the SARS-CoV. This article reviews the present state of molecular knowledge about SARS-CoV, from the aspects of comparative genomics, molecular biology of viral genes, evolution, and epidemiology, and describes the diagnostic tests and the anti-viral drugs derived so far based on the available molecular information.

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“…Increasing research attention has been focused on PHE because infection rates have increased in some countries [31][32][33][34] . PHE is caused by PHE-CoV, a virus that has only one known strain and is the only known CoV that is neurotropic in pigs [25,35,36] . The virus spreads via peripheral nerves to the CNS, its main propagation site [37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and size of R genes differ between coronavirus species, and they are important for RNA replication and transcription [24] . S possesses antigenic determinants that trigger the immune response for the production of antibodies that neutralize virus infectivity and inhibit HA activity [25] . S is a large, multifunctional protein that forms large petal-shaped spikes on the surface of the virions, and plays a central role in the biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses [26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Inhibition of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication with siRNAs Targeting the Spike Glycoprotein and Replicase Polyprotein Genes

Lan

Zhao

et al. 2011

Intervirology

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Objective: The specific effect of RNA interference on the replication of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHE-CoV) was explored. Methods: Four species of small interfering RNA (siRNA), targeting different regions of the PHE-CoV spike glycoprotein and replicase polyprotein genes, were prepared by in vitro transcription. After transfection of PK-15 cells with each of the siRNAs followed by infection with PHE-CoV, the cytopathic effect (CPE) was examined by phase-contrast microscope, and viral proliferation within cells was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, hemagglutination (HA) test, TCID₅₀ assay and real-time RT-PCR. Results: Examination of CPE demonstrated that the four siRNAs were capable of protecting cells against PHE-CoV invasion with very high specificity and efficiency. At 48 h post-infection, only a few siRNA-treated cells were positive for viral antigen staining, whereas most untreated virus-infected cells were positive. Transfection with siRNAs also suppressed the production of infectious virus by up to 18- to 32-fold as assessed by a HA test and 93- to 494-fold as assessed by TCID₅₀ assay. Furthermore, treatment with siRNAs caused a 53–91% reduction in the viral genome copy number as assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion: These results suggested that the four species of siRNAs can efficiently inhibit PHE-CoV genome replication and infectious virus production.

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Sequence of the 3′-terminal end (8·1 kb) of the genome of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus: comparison with other haemagglutinating coronaviruses

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

Molecular Advances in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

In vitro Inhibition of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication with siRNAs Targeting the Spike Glycoprotein and Replicase Polyprotein Genes

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