Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

Rho, Semi; Moon, Heejang; Park, Seong Jun; Kim, Hye Kwon; Keum, Hyun Ok; Han, Jae Yeon; Nguyen, Van Giap; Park, Bong Kyun

doi:10.1007/s11262-010-0551-y

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belong to alpha-CoV, and both of them cause life-threatening acute enteric disease in suckling piglets (Pensaert and de Bouck, 1978;Zhang et al, 2017). Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a beta-CoV that primarily affects pigs under 3 weeks of age (Pensaert and Callebaut, 1974;Rho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly emerged porcine enteric alphacoronavirus in southern China: Identification, origin and evolutionary history analysis

Fang

Liu

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Coronaviruses have a wide host range and can cause a variety of diseases with varying severity in different animals. Several enteric coronaviruses have been identified that are associated with diarrhea in swine and that have caused substantial economic losses. In this study, a newly emerged porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV), PEAV-GD-CH/2017, was identified from suckling piglets with diarrhea in southern China, and a full-length genome sequence of PEAV was obtained for systematic analysis. The novel PEAV sequence was most identical to that of bat-HKU2, and the differences between them were comprehensively compared, especially the uniform features of the S protein, which was shown to have a close relationship with betacoronaviruses and to perhaps represent unrecognized betacoronaviruses. In addition, Bayesian analysis was conducted to address the origin of PEAV, and the divergence time between PEAV and bat-HKU2 was estimated at 1926, which indicates that PEAV is not newly emerged and may have circulated in swine herds for several decades since the interspecies transmission of this coronavirus from bat to swine. The evolutionary rate of coronaviruses was estimated to be 1.93 × 10 substitutions per site per year for the RdRp gene in our analysis. For the origin of PEAV, we suspect that it is the result of the interspecies transmission of bat-HKU2 from bat to swine. Our results provide valuable information about the uniform features, origin and evolution of the novel PEAV, which will facilitate further investigations of this newly emerged pathogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly emerged porcine enteric alphacoronavirus in southern China: Identification, origin and evolutionary history analysis

Fang

Liu

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…PHEV causes vomiting and wasting disease, and encephalomyelitis in piglets under three weeks old, particularly those lacking PHEV antibodies, such as SPF pigs (Quiroga et al, 2008). Recently, more research has focused on PHEV because infection rates have risen in some countries (Cartwright et al, 1969;Gao et al, 2011;Mengeling and Cutlip, 1976;Quiroga et al, 2008;Rho et al, 2011). This virus spreads to the CNS via peripheral nerves, and nerve cells are one target for viral replication (Hara et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus induces apoptosis in a porcine kidney cell line via caspase-dependent pathways

et al. 2013

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Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis is an acute, highly contagious disease in piglets that is caused by the porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). However, the pathogenesis of PHEV and the relationship between PHEV and the host cells are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether the PHEV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was caused by apoptosis. Replication of PHEV in a porcine kidney-derived cell line (PK-15 cells) caused an extensive CPE, leading to the destruction of the entire monolayer and the death of the infected cells. Staining with Hoechst 33,342 revealed morphological changes in the nuclei and chromatin fragmentation. In addition, PHEV caused DNA fragmentation detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis 48h post-infection, increasing with the incubation time. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the incubation time and reached a maximum at 96h post-infection, as determined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy of cells that were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, as is commonly observed for coronavirus infections of other animals, the activities of the effecter caspase, caspase-3, and the initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are representative factors in the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, respectively, were increased in PHEV-infected PK-15 cells. Moreover, the tripeptide pan-ICE (caspase) inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked PHEV-induced apoptosis but did not have an effect on virus production by 96h post-infection. These results suggested that PHEV induces apoptosis in PK-15 cells via a caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptotic death of infected cells is detrimental to animals because it causes cell and tissue destruction. Although the pathological characteristics of PHEV are largely unknown, apoptosis may be the pathological basis of the lesions resulting from PHEV infection.

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“…PHEV is the only known CoV that is neurotropic in pigs. Recently, infection rates of PHEV have increased in some countries Rho et al, 2011); thus, pigs without antibodies to PHEV, such as SPF pigs, were threatened by a high risk of infection by PHEV (Quiroga et al, 2008). The study of PHEV replication and of the control or inhibition of this infection is of great significance because, currently, no effective preventative measures or cures exist for this disease.…”

Section: Target Namementioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by short hairpin RNAs targeting of the nucleocapsid gene in a porcine kidney cell line

Lan

Zhao

et al. 2012

Journal of Virological Methods

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Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), which causes porcine encephalomyelitis and is widespread among swine worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) pathways have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this study, two siRNA expression plasmids (shN1 and shN2) were generated to target two different coding regions of the nucleocapsid protein (N) of PHEV. The shRNAs were transiently transfected into a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15, to determine whether these constructs inhibited PHEV production. Our results revealed that both shRNAs were highly capable of inhibiting viral RNA genome replication, especially shN2. Next, stable transfection of shN2 was used to produce two siRNA stably expressing PK-15 cell clones (shN2-1 and shN2-2), and these two lines were infected with PHEV. The analysis of cytopathic effects (CPE) demonstrated that shN2-1 and shN2-2 were capable of protecting cells against PHEV infection with high specificity and efficiency. Furthermore, effective inhibition of viral replication persisted for up to 120 h by a TCID(50) assay. These results indicated that RNAi targeting of the N gene could facilitate studies of the specific function of viral genes associated with PHEV replication and may have potential therapeutic applications.

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Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Newly emerged porcine enteric alphacoronavirus in southern China: Identification, origin and evolutionary history analysis

Newly emerged porcine enteric alphacoronavirus in southern China: Identification, origin and evolutionary history analysis

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus induces apoptosis in a porcine kidney cell line via caspase-dependent pathways

Inhibition of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by short hairpin RNAs targeting of the nucleocapsid gene in a porcine kidney cell line

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