Sequence of a Turkey BAC Clone Identifies MHC Class III Orthologs and Supports Ancient Origins of Immunological Gene Clusters

Chaves, Lee; Krueth, Stacy B.; Bauer, Miranda M.; Reed, Kent M.

doi:10.1159/000319491

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…For example, MHC class I and class II molecules are necessary for antigen presentation to T lymphocytes and are common to the galliform MHC [229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. In turkeys and chickens, the MHC is composed of 2 genetically unlinked regions, the B-locus (MHC-B) and Y-locus (MHC-Y), co-located on a single microchromosome (GGA16 or MGA18, respectively) [229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. Although some genes are well characterized, the functions and expression patterns of many poultry MHC genes are still unknown.…”

Section: Cytokines and The Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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Section: Cytokines and The Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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“…The reality that PBR alleles can be shared between loci (Ahmed et al, 2007;Chaves et al, 2010Chaves et al, , 2011 and the possibility of additional class IIB loci in the wild turkey are confounding factors. As demonstrated in this study, availability of a reference haplotype and the ability to genotype interspersed MHC regions while avoiding multigene families has advantages over other methods of surveying the MHC.…”

Section: Mhc Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of the MHC, the best-studied bird species are those of agricultural significance; MHC regions have been examined in chicken, quail, duck and turkey (Kaufman et al, 1999b;Moon et al, 2005;Shiina et al, 2004Shiina et al, , 2007Chaves et al, 2009bChaves et al, , 2011. Sequencing the MHC locus of the chicken, quail and turkey (MHC-B) identified the classical MHC class I and II genes within an B50 kb distance (Shiina et al, 2004(Shiina et al, , 2007Chaves et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A locus-wide approach to assessing variation in the avian MHC: the B-locus of the wild turkey

Chaves

Faile

Hendrickson³

et al. 2010

Heredity

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Studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity in non-model vertebrates typically focus on structure and sequence variation in the antigen-presenting loci: the highly variable and polymorphic class I and class IIB genes. Although these studies provide estimates of the number of genes and alleles/locus, they often overlook variation in functionally related and co-inherited genes important in the immune response. This study utilizes the sequence of the MHC B-locus derived from a commercial turkey to investigate MHC variation in wild birds. Sequences were obtained for nine interspersed MHC amplicons (non-class I/II) from each of 40 birds representing 3 subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Analysis of aligned sequences identified 238 single-nucleotide variants approximately onethird of which had minor allele frequencies 40.2 in the sampled birds. PHASE analysis identified 70 prospective MHC haplotypes in the wild turkeys, whereas a combined analysis with commercial birds identified almost 100 haplotypes in the species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the class IIB loci was used to test the efficacy of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotyping to capture locus-wide variation. Diversity in SNP haplotypes and haplotype sharing among individuals was directly reflected in the DGGE patterns. Utilization of a reference haplotype to sequence interspersed regions of the MHC has significant advantages over other methods of surveying diversity while identifying high-frequency SNPs for genotyping. SNP haplotyping provides a means to identify both divergent haplotypes and homozygous individuals for assessment of immunological variation in wild and domestic populations.

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“…[20][21][22][23] Immunological techniques have the potential to become powerful diagnostic tools in cultural heritage conservation for the highly specic and sensitive identication of proteins in archeological materials and even microsamples of artifacts. [24][25][26] Among the immunological techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is popular and widely used in the scientic eld. 27 The ELISA test offers several advantages over the traditional methods used for ancient leather analysis, such as high sensitivity and efficiency, relative specicity, and cost effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%