Sequence and expression characteristics of a nuclear-encoded chloroplast sigma factor from mustard (Sinapis alba)

Kestermann, Maya; Neukirchen, Susanne; Kloppstech, Klaus; Link, Gerhard

doi:10.1093/nar/26.11.2747

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Genetic analyses of the eubacterial -factors, as well as more recent structural studies, have supported the importance of these conserved domains in such eubacterial transcription functions as promoter recognition, interaction with the RNA polymerase core enzyme, and transcription initiation (Gross et al, 1998;Burgess and Anthony, 2001;Campbell et al, 2002;Murakami et al, 2002). The conservation of primary structure among plant and eubacterial -factors is sufficiently high to permit recombinant plant -factors to function with E. coli core RNA polymerase in vitro (Kestermann et al, 1998;Hakimi et al, 2000;Beardslee et al, 2002). Therefore, it is assumed (although not yet experimentally demonstrated) that these nucleus-encoded plant -factors assemble in plastids with the PEP RNA polymerase to effect promoter recognition and transcription initiation.…”

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AtSig5 Is an Essential Nucleus-Encoded Arabidopsis σ-Like Factor

2003

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Transcription of chloroplast genes is subject to control by nucleus-encoded proteins. The chloroplast-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) is a eubacterial-type RNA polymerase that is presumed to assemble with nucleus-encoded -factors mediating promoter recognition. Recently, families of -factor genes have been identified in several plants including Arabidopsis. One of these genes, Arabidopsis SIG5, encodes a -factor, AtSig5, which is phylogenetically distinct from the other family members. To investigate the role of this plant -factor, two different insertional alleles of the SIG5 gene were identified and characterized. Heterozygous mutant plants showed no visible leaf phenotype, but exhibited siliques containing aborted embryos and unfertilized ovules. Our inability to recover plants homozygous for a SIG5 gene disruption indicates that SIG5 is an essential gene. SIG5 transcripts accumulate in flower tissues, consistent with a role for AtSig5 protein in reproduction. Therefore, SIG5 encodes an essential member of the Arabidopsis -factor family that plays a role in plant reproduction in addition to its previously proposed role in leaf chloroplast gene expression.Transcription of plant mitochondrial and plastid genomes relies on nucleus-encoded RNA polymerases resembling those of the T3 and T7 bacteriophage, as well as promoter selectivity factors for these enzymes (for review, see Hess and Bö rner, 1999;Liere and Maliga, 2001). In addition, plastids, but not mitochondria, require an organelle-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) for transcription of many genes on the organelle genome (Allison and Maliga, 1996;Hajdukiewicz et al., 1997;Serino and Maliga, 1998). PEP is similar in structure to Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and, like the eubacterial enzyme, is thought to assemble with -factors to achieve promoter-specific transcription initiation. Although the subunits of the PEP catalytic core are plastidencoded, the putative promoter-specificity -factors for PEP are encoded in the plant nucleus. Therefore, even the organelle-encoded transcription machinery is subject to nuclear control.Recently, -factor gene families containing as many as six members have been identified in several plant species including Arabidopsis and maize (Zea mays; for review, see Allison, 2000). Within a species, the sigma-like proteins share approximately 35% overall amino acid sequence identity and contain the conserved domains found in the principal -factors of all eubacteria (Helmann and Chamberlin, 1988). Genetic analyses of the eubacterial -factors, as well as more recent structural studies, have supported the importance of these conserved domains in such eubacterial transcription functions as promoter recognition, interaction with the RNA polymerase core enzyme, and transcription initiation (Gross et al., 1998;Burgess and Anthony, 2001;Campbell et al., 2002;Murakami et al., 2002). The conservation of primary structure among plant and eubacterial -factors is sufficiently high to permit recombinant plant -factors to function with E. coli core RNA po...

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confidence: 93%

AtSig5 Is an Essential Nucleus-Encoded Arabidopsis σ-Like Factor

2003

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“…In 1996, two groups, including ours, finally isolated the chloroplast sigma factor genes from the nuclear genome of red algae. 10,11) Since then, nuclear encoded chloroplast sigma factors have been found in various plant species including higher plants, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and it has become an established scheme that the nucleus dominates chloroplast transcription through the control of sigma factors. Moreover, the nucleus encodes multiple sigma factors in almost every plant species examined, indicating the control of chloroplast transcription by sigma factor heterogeneity, as in eubacteria.…”

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Roles of Chloroplast RNA Polymerase Sigma Factors in Chloroplast Development and Stress Response in Higher Plants

Kanamaru

Tanaka

2004

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…In plastids, -like factors (SLFs) were detected immunologically in chloroplast transcription extracts from maize and rice (Troxler et al, 1994) and were purified from chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard seedlings (Tiller et al, 1991;Tiller and Link, 1993a). Recently, database searches as well as cDNA library screens uncovered candidate sequences for plant SLFs from Arabidopsis (Isono et al, 1997;Tanaka et al, 1997;Yao and Allison, 1998), rice (Tozawa et al, 1998), mustard (Kestermann et al, 1998), wheat (Ito et al, 1999), and maize (Lahiri et al, 1999;Tan and Troxler, 1999). These sequences are nuclear encoded and form small gene families with at least six members in Arabidopsis and five in maize (for review, see Allison, 2000).…”

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Complementary Expression of Two Plastid-Localized ς-Like Factors in Maize

Lahiri

Allison

2000

Plant Physiology

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The eubacterial-like RNA polymerase of plastids is composed of organelle-encoded core subunits and nuclear-encoded -factors. Families of -like factors (SLFs) have been identified in several plants, including maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis. In vitro import assays determined that at least two of the maize -like proteins have functional chloroplast transit peptides and thus are likely candidates for chloroplast transcriptional regulators. However, the roles of individual SLFs in chloroplast transcription remain to be determined. We have raised antibodies against the unique amino-terminal domains of two maize SLFs, ZmSig1 and ZmSig3, and have used these specific probes to examine the accumulation of each protein in different maize tissues and during chloroplast development. The expression of ZmSig1 is tissue specific and parallels the light-activated chloroplast development program in maize seedling leaves. Its accumulation in mature chloroplasts however, is not affected by subsequent changes in the light regime. It is interesting that the expression profile of ZmSig3 is complementary to that of ZmSig1. It accumulates in non-green tissues, including roots, etiolated seedling leaves, and the basal region of greening seedling leaves. The nonoverlapping expression patterns of these two plastid-localized SLFs suggest that they may direct differential expression of plastid genes during chloroplast development.

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Sequence and expression characteristics of a nuclear-encoded chloroplast sigma factor from mustard (Sinapis alba)

Cited by 61 publications

References 48 publications

AtSig5 Is an Essential Nucleus-Encoded Arabidopsis σ-Like Factor

AtSig5 Is an Essential Nucleus-Encoded Arabidopsis σ-Like Factor

Roles of Chloroplast RNA Polymerase Sigma Factors in Chloroplast Development and Stress Response in Higher Plants

Complementary Expression of Two Plastid-Localized ς-Like Factors in Maize

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