Sequelae to Genital Trauma in Torture Victims

Daugaard, Gedske; Petersen, Hans Draminsky; Abildgaard, Ulrik; Marcussen, Henrik Secher; Wallach, Marianne; Jess, Per; Hjort, T; Johnsen, Svend G.

doi:10.3109/01485018308987573

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, unlike the phenomenon of war mass rape that describes sexual abuse of women during the armed conflicts, a practice not rare in world history, homosexual rape in war has been poorly researched. Material published on this issue includes the sexual abuse of male prisoners in El Salvador (Agger, 1989), Greece (Daugaard et al, 1983), and Chile (Cienfuegos & Monelli, 1983). The first rumors of homosexual rape during wars in the former Yugoslavia became known toward the end of 1991 among medical staff involved in helping refugees in Croatia.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…The female to male ratio in the population of peacetime rape victims is discussed in several recent articles. A group of British authors from the University of Manchester (McLean, Balding, & White, 2005) describes the population of rape victims documented over 17 years of their activities male prisoners in El Salvador (Agger, 1989), Greece (Daugaard et al, 1983), and Chile (Cienfuegos & Monelli, 1983). The first rumors of homosexual rape during wars in the former Yugoslavia became known toward the end of 1991 among medical staff involved in helping refugees in Croatia.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mental Health Consequences in Men Exposed to Sexual Abuse During the War in Croatia and Bosnia

Lončar

Henigsberg

Hrabač

2009

J Interpers Violence

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In the research project on sexual abuse of men during the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, detailed information from 60 victims of such crimes was gathered. The aim of the research was to define key attributes of sexual abuse of men in war as well as consequences it had on the victims. A method of structured interview was used. Also, the statement of each victim was recorded. Victims were exposed to physical torture of their genitals, psycho-sexual torture and physical abuse. The most common symptoms of traumatic reactions were sleep disturbances, concentration difficulties, night-mares and flashbacks, feelings of hopelessness, and different physical stress symptoms such as constant headaches, profuse sweating, and tachycardia. In addition to rape and different methods of sexual abuse, most of the victims were heavily beaten. The conclusion is made that the number of sexually abused men during the war must have been much higher than reported.

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confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Consequences in Men Exposed to Sexual Abuse During the War in Croatia and Bosnia

Lončar

Henigsberg

Hrabač

2009

J Interpers Violence

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“…Sexual torture of men is slowly gaining recognition, however. In the 1980s, pioneering research was done on sexual torture of political prisoners in Greece, 5 (23):68-77 0968-8080/04 $ -see front matter PII: S 0 9 6 8 -8 0 8 0 ( 0 4 ) 2 311 5 -9…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexual Torture of Men in Croatia and Other Conflict Situations: An Open Secret

Oosterhoff¹,

Zwanikken

Ketting³

2004

Reproductive Health Matters

113

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Sexual torture constitutes any act of sexual violence which qualifies as torture. Public awareness of the widespread use of sexual torture as a weapon of war greatly increased after the war in the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Sexual torture has serious mental, physical and sexual health consequences. Attention to date has focused more on the sexual torture of women than of men, partly due to gender stereotypes. This paper describes the circumstances in which sexual torture occurs, its causes and consequences, and the development of international law addressing it. It presents data from a study in 2000 in Croatia, where the number of men who were sexually tortured appears to have been substantial. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 health professionals and data from the medical records of three centres providing care to refugees and victims of torture, the study found evidence of rape and other forced sexual acts, full or partial castration, genital beatings and electroshock. Few men admit being sexually tortured or seek help, and professionals may fail to recognise cases. Few perpetrators have been prosecuted, mainly due to lack of political will. The silence that envelopes sexual torture of men in the aftermath of the war in Croatia stands in strange contrast to the public nature of the crimes themselves.

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“…Several potential candidate proteins, however, have been detected that localize to different regions on spermatozoa (e.g., head, tail) that appear during germ cell development or transit through the epididymis (Koide et al, 2000). The incidence of antisperm antibodies is also increased in men with a history of vasectomy (Linnet and Fogh-Anderson, 1979;McDonald, 2000), trauma to the genital tract (Daugaard et al, 1983;Rapaport et al, 1969), or previous genital tract infections, including nonbacterial chronic prostatitis (Jarow et al, 1990) and chlamydia (Soffer et al, 1990), and in men who have sex with men (Witkin and Sonnabend, 1983). Both IgA and IgG antisperm antibodies have been detected in seminal plasma, and in many cases such antibodies are detectable in seminal plasma but not in serum, providing evidence that antisperm antibodies are locally produced in the genital tract (Haas et al, 1996).…”

Section: Immune Responses To Spermmentioning

confidence: 95%