Separation of crystal violet dyes and its application to pen ink analysis using CZE and MEKC methods

Shih, Chun Min; Liu, Ju Tsung; Chen, Bo Hong; Lin, Cheng Huang

doi:10.1002/jssc.200700509

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For the separation of products of ageing processes, thin‐layer chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis or micellar electrokinetic chromatography were proposed. HPLC procedures followed by MS with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization have been developed mainly for analytical control of foodstuffs or examination of photo catalytic degradation of synthetic dyes in polluted waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photo fragmentation patterns of rhodamine 6 G ions obtained by Vis photo-induced dissociation, as well as sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (CID) were registered using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. [24] Crystal violet degradation in solutions and/or on a paper sheet was examined by using LDI [25] and MALDI MS. [23][24][25] For the separation of products of ageing processes, thin-layer chromatography, [29] capillary zone electrophoresis or micellar electrokinetic chromatography [30] were proposed. HPLC procedures followed by MS with electrospray ionization [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization [31,[41][42][43] have been developed mainly for analytical control of foodstuffs or examination of photo catalytic degradation of synthetic dyes in polluted waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early synthetic dyes – a challenge for tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2013

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The present study concerns identification of early yellow synthetic dyes from silk fibers taken from the 1930 spring color palette of the Lyon Dyers' Guild (La Chambre Syndicale des Teinturiers). The identification was based mainly on the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry spectra obtained in the positive and negative ion modes. This technique was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, which enabled separation of the analyzed compounds. Spectra registered for each of the examined synthetic dye allowed identification of their lost fragments. Moreover, isotopic profiles and exact measurements of m/z by using time of flight analyzer made possible to evaluate their elemental composition. In consequence, all obtained data, including UV-vis spectra, allowed to reconstruct molecular structures of examined colorants. Due to the lack of standards, the identification of the dyes was based only on the registration of fragment and quasi-molecular ions, what is rather uncommon in such analysis and means groping for the correct structure rather than proving signal identity by comparison with standards. Depending on substituents present in dye molecules, the lost fragments of the examined compounds involved SO(2), NO(•), NO(2)(•), CH(4), C(2)H(4), C(2)H(5)(•), C(2)H(6), CH(2)=N-CH(3), (CH(3))(2)NH, CH(2)= NH, CH(3)-NH(2), as well as CO and CO(2). The performed study led to identification of various colorants: rhodamine 6 G, rhodamine B, malachite green, quinoline yellow, picric acid and acetoquinone yellow 5JZ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early synthetic dyes – a challenge for tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2013

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“…Despite the static dating method, which is related to ink characterization, there are two possibilities for ink dating, considering the inks' components transformations with time 3,4 For both relative and dynamic dating methods, it is necessary to have methods that are capable to detect the ink changes over time. Table 2 shows the most recent studies involving those methods [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] . The majority of the studies are based on the monitoring of solvents as they evaporate over time, but there are also studies based on the degradation of the dyes or resins.…”

Section: Ink Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue and Black Ballpoint Pen Inks: a Systematic Review for Ink Characterization and Dating Analysis

Gorziza¹,

Carvalho²,

Korndörfer³

et al. 2019

BJFS

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Documents are frequent targets of fraud and adulteration. Sometimes it is not enough to determine the document's authenticity or authorship, but it is also necessary to demonstrate when the document was signed or written. Determining the age of a document, also known as ink dating analysis, is still a challenge for the forensic examiners. There are two main approaches for the dating of ballpoint pen inks: the static method, which is based on the characterization and identification of the ink composition and comparison to a reference collection, and the dynamic method, which involves the study of ink's processes and alterations that occur with time, considering environmental aging factors such as light and humidity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the studies regarding ballpoint ink characterization and dating, in the last ten years. There are several methods, destructive and non-destructive, which are capable of characterizing and differentiating blue and black ballpoint pens that have shown applicability to the static approach. Regarding the dynamic dating methods, most studies quantified the loss of 2phenoxyethanol (2-PE) solvent over time using GC-MS, or studied the dyes degradation through different methods. Although ink dating approaches offer relatively good accuracy, there is still more research to be done, such as the documents' storage conditions evaluation, the influence of initial ink quantity variation between different pen brands and writing fists, and the type of paper.

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“…Pen ink analysis was performed by CZE and MEKC for the separation of charged and neutral components. Studies on photo‐degradation of one of the main component of inks, namely crystal violet, were done by Shih et al , using a Hg–Cd lamp at different exposure times to obtain various N ‐demethylation products 66. CZE effectively separated the photodegradation products based on molecular weight differences.…”

Section: Dyes and Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences: A update over years 2007–2009

Tagliaro¹,

Pascali²,

Fanigliulo³

et al. 2009

Electrophoresis

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This article reviews and comments the applications of CE to forensic sciences covering the short period from 2007 until the first months of 2009, being the latest update of two previous review papers covering the years from 2001 to 2004 and from 2005 to 2007. The overview includes the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques in the following fields: (i) illicit and abused drugs, (ii) small ions of forensic interest (iii) proteins and peptides, (iv) forensic deoxyribonucleic acid, (v) dyes and inks. As many as 69 references are quoted.

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Separation of crystal violet dyes and its application to pen ink analysis using CZE and MEKC methods

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Early synthetic dyes – a challenge for tandem mass spectrometry

Early synthetic dyes – a challenge for tandem mass spectrometry

Blue and Black Ballpoint Pen Inks: a Systematic Review for Ink Characterization and Dating Analysis

Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences: A update over years 2007–2009

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