Separation of concentrated organic/inorganic salt mixtures by nanofiltration

Freger, Viatcheslav; Arnot, Tom; Howell, John

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00516-0

Cited by 180 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…7) ( Fig. 8) For instance in biotechnology, reactions or treatments using micro-organisms in many cases requires salt removal, since they can not withstand the osmotic pressure caused by high salt concentration [38].…”

Section: ʹͷmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose multilayer membranes manufacture with ionic liquid

Livazović

Behzad³

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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Membrane processes are considered energy-efficient for water desalination and treatment. However most membranes are based on polymers prepared from fossil petrochemical sources. The development of multilayer membranes for nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, with thin selective layers of naturally available cellulose has been hampered by the availability of non-aggressive solvents. We propose the manufacture of cellulose membranes based on two approaches: (i) silylation, coating from solutions in tetrahydrofuran, followed by solvent evaporation and cellulose regeneration by acid treatment; (ii) casting from solution in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolum acetate ([C2mim]OAc), an ionic liquid, followed by phase inversion in water. By these methods porous supports could be easily coated with semi-crystalline cellulose. The membranes were hydrophilic with contact angles as low as 22.0°, molecular weight cut-off as low as 3000 g mol-1 with corresponding water permeance of 13.8 Lm . Self-standing cellulose membranes were also manufactured without porous substrate, using only ionic liquid as green solvent. This membrane was insoluble in water, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

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Section: ʹͷmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose multilayer membranes manufacture with ionic liquid

Livazović

Behzad³

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the most largely used inorganic materials within the industry [2]. Separation of this salt from small molecular weight components is often required .This is not trivial especially when salt is present in high quantities or when a complete desalination is required [3,4]. Final products must fulfill specific purity; otherwise their values may get reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked cellulose thin film composite nanofiltration membranes with zero salt rejection

Puspasari

Neelakanda

Peinemann

2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…[34][35][36][37] Conventionally, selectivity in nanofiltration is evaluated using retention. The general ordering of the retention of these salts is fluoride 4 chloride 4 nitrate 4 nitrite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying barriers to monovalent anion transport in narrow non-polar pores

Richards

Schäfer

Richards

et al. 2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The transport of anionic drinking water contaminants (fluoride, chloride, nitrate and nitrite) through narrow pores ranging in effective radius from 2.5 to 6.5 Å was systematically evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the magnitude and origin of energetic barriers encountered in nanofiltration. Free energy profiles for ion transport through the pores show that energy barriers depend on pore size and ion properties and that there are three key regimes that affect transport. The first is where the ion can fit in the pore with its full inner hydration shell, the second is where the pore size is between the bare ion and hydrated radius, and the third is where the ion size approaches that of the pore. Energy barriers in the first regime are relatively small and due to rearrangement of the inner hydration shell and/or displacement of further hydration shells. Energy barriers in the second regime are due to partial dehydration and are larger than barriers seen in the first regime. In the third regime, the pore becomes too small for bare ions to fit regardless of hydration and thus energy barriers are very high. In the second regime where partial dehydration controls transport, the trend in the slopes of the change in energy barrier with pore size corresponds to the hydration strength of the anions.

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Separation of concentrated organic/inorganic salt mixtures by nanofiltration

Cited by 180 publications

References 12 publications

Cellulose multilayer membranes manufacture with ionic liquid

Cellulose multilayer membranes manufacture with ionic liquid

Crosslinked cellulose thin film composite nanofiltration membranes with zero salt rejection

Quantifying barriers to monovalent anion transport in narrow non-polar pores

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