Separation and preconcentration of trace level of lead in one drop of blood sample by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Liquid-phase microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A review

“…An appealing two-phase LPME approach related to DI-SDME was introduced by Wu et al in 2006 for the analysis of scarce samples [39]. This miniaturized sample preparation technique, named as drop-to-drop solvent microextraction (DDSME), has been coupled with GFAAS for the determination of Pb in a 30 µL-drop of blood sample [40]. An alternative LPME technique named as directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME) was introduced by Yangcheng et al in 2006 [41].…”

“…It should be noted that urine should not be acidified for Cr speciation analysis since Cr(VI) is reduced in the presence of natural organic matter[8].For the determination of Pb in blood, the sample was treated with H 2 SO 4 + HNO 3 , heated nearly to dryness, diluted and filtered[40].wine, a ten-fold dilution was performed to reduce the organic matrix load[11]. In other publications, milk and wine samples were digested by MAD in the presence of HNO 3 +H 2 O 2 [77].…”

Simple Method for Determination of Lead in Hair Dyes Using Slurry Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…The toxicity of Pb at high levels of exposure is well known, but continual exposure to relatively low levels of lead may entail adverse health effects. An increase of Pb may cause serious health hazards such as both acute and chronic poisoning, pathological change of organs, and diseases related to cardiovascular, kidney, bone, and liver, and they can even cause cancer owing to excessive accumulation in human body (Shrivas and Patel 2010;Koller et al 2004).…”

Quantitative determination of nicotinic acid in micro liter volume of urine sample by drop-to-drop solvent microextraction coupled to matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

“…Recently, drop-to-drop solvent microextraction (DDSME) has been reported for separation and preconcentration of various molecules from different types of biological samples prior to instrumental analysis. DDSME is a simple and rapid sample preparation technique where the micro amount (15-30 L) of biological sample is used for the analysis of target compounds where the availability of the sample is minute [13,15,22].…”