Separation and Determination of Nitrofuran Antibiotics in Turbot Fish by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC

“…Nitrofurans are a class of antibacterial drugs with effectiveness in the treatment of protozoan and bacterial infections in humans and animals 70. Despite their therapeutic value, these compounds have been proved to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and therefore they have been banned in many countries for livestock production.…”

“…As summarized in Table 5, the four nitrofuran antibiotics most commonly employed (furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone, and nitrofurantoin) were separated by MEEKC coupled to UV detection by Jiang et al 70. The total separation was achieved in <8 min when using a 10 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH=9.7) with 0.82% octane, 3.48% SDS, and 6.48% butan‐2‐ol.…”

Advances in the theory and application of MEEKC

“…From late 2008 to 2009 MEEKC has been applied to the analysis of vitamins [40], bioanalysis [51], natural products [79] and antibiotics [80]. Table 1 specifies the optimised ME composition and separation application for all reports in this paper.…”

“…The presence of four nitrofuran (NF) antibiotics (furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin) in fish was examined using MEEKC [80]. NFs are broad-spectrum antibiotics used for the treatment of protozoan in both humans and fish.…”

“…Separation of highly hydrophobic structurally related corticosteroids 3.6% w/w SDS, 6.6% w/w 1-butanol, 0.8% w/w n-octane and 89% w/w 40 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 8.0 [49] Enantioseparation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine 2% R/S DDCV, 1.65% v/v 2-hexanol, 1.23% v/v diethyl tartrate and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 [59] Detection and separation of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine employing laser-induced fluorescence detection 3.24% w/w n-heptane, 3.24% w/w SDS, 26.44% w/w 1-butanol and 95% 50 mM sodium borate buffer containing 16% ACN pH 7 [69] Separation and determination of flavonoids employing electrochemical detection 0.9% w/v SDS, 0.9% w/v SC, 0.9% w/v 1-butanol, 0.6% w/v ethyl acetate and 98.2% v/v 10 mM sodium tetraborate buffer pH 7.5 [70] Determination of the coenzyme Q10 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone) in human plasma 1.4% w/w sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate (AOT), 4% w/w cholic acid, 8.5% w/w butanol, 1% w/w octane, 0.1% w/w PVA and 85% w/w 10 mM Tris buffer pH 9.0 [51] Fingerprint analysis and extraction of resina draconis 3.3% w/v SDS, 6.6% w/v 1-butanol, 0.8% w/v n-octane and 10 mM sodium tetraborate buffer pH 9.2 [79] Separation and determination of NF antibiotics in fish 3.48% w/w SDS, 6.48% w/w 1-butanol, 0.82% w/w octane and 10 mM sodium tetraborate buffer pH 9.70 [80] Separation of phenolic acids and diterpenoids using W/O MEEKC 48% w/v 1-butanol, 18% w/v SDS, 8.0% w/v 2-propanol and 26% v/v sodium acetate buffer pH 6.0 [82] Electrophoresis 2010, 31,[755][756][757][758][759][760][761][762][763][764][765][766][767] have been shown to be both mutagenic and carcinogenic. The ME was optimised in terms of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil concentration with the optimum buffer being composed of 0.82% w/w octane, 3.48% w/w SDS and 6.48% w/w butanol in a 10 mM sodium borate buffer pH 9.70.…”