Separation and determination of anesthetics by capillary electrophoresis with mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Tween 20 using electrochemiluminescence detection

Abstract

A simple and new method for the simultaneous determination of procaine (Pro), lidocaine (Lid), ropivacaine (Rop) and bupivacaine (Bup) was developed using capillary electrophoresis separation with mixed micelles and electrochemiluminescence detection. The use of mixed micelles of 2.0 × 10(-3) mol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 8.0 × 10(-3) mol/L Tween 20 greatly improved separation selectivity. The detection sensitivities of four drugs with a Pt working electrode were increased by modification of the Pt electrode with europium(III)-doped Prussian Blue analog (Eu-PB). Under optimal conditions, the four local anesthetics were well separated and detected. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of Pro, Lid, Rop and Bup in standard solution are 2.5 × 10(-8) , 1.3 × 10(-8) , 3.0 × 10(-8) and 4.1 × 10(-8) mol/L, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N = 10) of Pro, Lid, Rop and Bup are 2.3 × 10(-7) , 1.2 × 10(-7) , 3.7 × 10(-7) and 5.6 × 10(-7) mol/L in a human urine sample, and 8.5 × 10(-7) , 6.9 × 10(-7) , 2.8 × 10(-6) and 1.1 × 10(-6) mol/L in a human serum sample, respectively. The recoveries of four drugs at different spiked concentrations in human urine and serum samples were between 86.5 and 107.6%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine local anesthetics in biofluids.

On‐line preconcentration strategy for the simultaneous quantification of three local anesthetics in human urine using CZE

“…Several methods employing CE are described for the simultaneous determination of some drugs of abuse in urine, hair, and blood, including PRO, LID, or BUP . The simultaneous determination of PRO, LID, and BUP has been previously carried out by CE but with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection and using SDS and Tween‐20 mixed micelles to improve the resolution. The proposed method was applied in human urine and serum samples .…”

“…The simultaneous determination of PRO, LID, and BUP has been previously carried out by CE but with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection and using SDS and Tween‐20 mixed micelles to improve the resolution. The proposed method was applied in human urine and serum samples . Also, a CZE method with diode array detection (CZE–DAD) method was developed for the determination of two local anesthetics and two opium alkaloids in urine.…”

Applications of micelle enhancement in luminescence‐based analysis

“…Recently, a capillary electrophoresis separation method employing mixed micelles and electrochemiluminescence detection was proposed for the simple simultaneous determination of procaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Mixed micelles of SDS and Tween 20 were used and greatly improved the separation process . A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed by Al‐arfaj and El‐Tohamy for the determination of ribavirin in pharmaceutical formulations based on the fluorescence spectral behavior of ribavirin in an SDS micellar system.…”