Separation and characterization of octylphenol ethoxylate surfactants used by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on branched fluorinated silica gel columns

Kamiusuki, Toshiro; Monde, Takashi; Nemoto, Fujito; Konakahara, Takeo; Takahashi, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00628-7

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In HPLC, both ACN and methanol (MeOH) have been equally used as the buffer additive for separation of nonionic surfactants [2,4,15,16]. However, because of its favorable dielectric constant-viscosity ratio (e/Z), ACN is a solvent of choice in CEC for the separation of a wide range of compounds including PAHs [17], antidepressants [18], steroids [19], and diuretics [18].…”

Section: Influence Of Acetonitrile Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, nonionic surfactants can also enhance the properties of other surfactant systems [2]. Owing to their relative ionic insensitivity and sorptive properties [3], nonionic surfactants of the alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APE) type are commonly used in both domestic and industrial detergent formulations [4], wetting agents as well as industrial cleaners [5]. Triton X-100 (TX-100) is one of the most important APE that is extensively used in biological systems [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical techniques have been developed for the chromatographic separation and identification of the numerous oligomers of TX-100 including gas chromatography (GC) [9], supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [10], and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4,5,11]. In the case of HPLC, our literature search provided us with no separations of TX-100 or similar surfactants that were able to achieve high resolution between the oligomers in a short analysis time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capillary electrochromatography of Triton X‐100

Norton

Shamsi

2004

Electrophoresis

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Nonionic surfactants such as Triton X-100 (TX-100) are comprised of a mixture of oligomers with a varying degree of length in the ethoxylate chain. The development of chromatographic methods for resolution of the various oligomers of TX-100 is of environmental importance, and can be useful for quality control and characterization in industrial manufacture. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is fast becoming a capable separation technique that combines the benefits of both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This report presents a novel CEC method for separation of the various TX-100 oligomers. A comparison of monomeric vs. polymeric stationary phases for separation of TX-100 was conducted. Since the oligomers of TX-100 were better resolved on a monomeric phase as compared to polymeric phase, a systematic mobile phase tuning was performed utilizing a monomeric CEC-C18-3 microm-100 A stationary phase. Various mobile phase parameters such as acetonitrile (ACN) content, Tris concentration, pH, voltage, and temperature were manipulated in order to achieve the optimum separation of oligomers in less than 30 min.

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Section: Influence Of Acetonitrile Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capillary electrochromatography of Triton X‐100

Norton

Shamsi

2004

Electrophoresis

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“…steroids [7], carotenoids, flavonoids [1], polyphenols [1], catechnins, taxanes [8], phospholipids [7], cephalosporins, and alkaloids), positional isomers of pharmaceutical starting materials, herbicides and nonionic surfactants [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic classification and comparison of commercially available perfluorinated stationary phases for reversed‐phase liquid chromatography using Principal Component Analysis

Euerby¹,

McKeown

Petersson

2003

J of Separation Science

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Chromatographic classification and comparison of commercially available perfluorinated stationary phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography using Principal Component Analysis A range of ten perfluorophenyl and perfluoroalkyl stationary phases has been evaluated using standard chromatographic tests and probes. Principal Component Analysis of the data has indicated that the phases can be divided into distinct groupings. Extending the dataset to include standard alkyl and phenyl phases provided further data interpretation to support the orthogonal selectivity claims made for perfluorinated phases. The analysis of a range of basic analytes showed an unusual extended retention of hydrophilic basic analytes with perfluorophases. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship between the amount of organic modifier and the logarithm of the retention factor was observed, for the hydrophilic bases, which could not be modelled with LC prediction softwares. This was in sharp contrast to the alkyl and phenyl phases examined. Basic analyte retention on perfluoroalkyl phases could be modelled adequately for the lipophilic bases. Exploration of the retention mechanism of these perfluoro phases indicated that silanol interactions were important in retention and selectivity. Using a rapid, isocratic, high organic modifier methodology, it was possible to analyse a mixture containing a lipophilic steroid, hydrophilic base and an internal standard in a 4 minutes with a perfluorophenyl phase. This had previously only been achievable with an alkyl phase under gradient elution conditions.

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“…We have previusly reported that the branched polyfluoro-alkylsilane coated silica gel column (BFS), with the structure shown in Figure 1, allowed a base line separation and identification of octylphenol ethoxylate oligomers with methanol as mobile phase by reversed phase mode [21]. BFS simultaneously separated individual oligomers, this providing a means of recognition of alkyl homologues such as butylphenol, paraoctylphenol and ortho-octylphenol ethoxylate.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous separation of nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycols by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

Kamiusuki¹,

Monde²,

Omae³

et al. 2000

Chromatographia

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The simultaneous separation of polyethylene glycol and its derivatives such as the lauryl alcohol and lauric acid ethoxylate oligomers was carried out by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Branched fluorinated silica gel columns combined with evaporative light scattering detection were used for the characterization of nonionic surfactants. Lauryl alcohol ethoxylate oligomers were separated at 10 ~ with an isocratic eluent according to ethoxylate number and the retention time of the oligomers decreases with increasing ethoxylate number. The Van't Hoffplots of retention factor of lauryl alcohol ethoxylate gave a complex cure, which is anomalous behavior for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The anomalous Van't Holt plots were explained by a partial conformational change from polar to less polar conformers with increasing temperature. The most significant features for the analysis of the lauryl alcohol ethoxylate were the use of acetonitrile as mobile phase and operating temperature. The polyethylene glycol was separated according to ethoxylate number and the retention time of oligomers increased with increasing ethoxylate number. The Van't Hoffplots of retention factor of polyethylene glycol had negative slopes. It was presumed that the polar conformation of the ethylene oxide chain decreased with increasing temperature. The lauryl alcohol ethoxylate and polyethylene glycol were separated simultaneously in gradient elution as a result of the conformational change of the ethylene oxide chain. As a practical example, lauric acid ethoxylate simultaneously separated into free polyethylene glycol, ethoxylate monolaurate and ethoxylate dilaurate in gradient elution.

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Separation and characterization of octylphenol ethoxylate surfactants used by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on branched fluorinated silica gel columns

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Capillary electrochromatography of Triton X‐100

Capillary electrochromatography of Triton X‐100

Chromatographic classification and comparison of commercially available perfluorinated stationary phases for reversed‐phase liquid chromatography using Principal Component Analysis

Simultaneous separation of nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycols by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

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