Separating semantic conflict and response conflict in the Stroop task: A functional MRI study

Veen, Vincent van; Carter, Cameron S.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.042

Cited by 306 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In our experiments, we found that above average path length and below average efficiency of local connectivity within the RMT hub, particularly for smaller network densities, are positively associated with episodic memory and executive function. The importance of this hub with regard to episodic memory and executive function is consistent with the existing cognitive neuroscience literature (Banich et al, 2000;Milham et al, 2003a,b;Nyberg et al, 1996;Ragland et al, 2004;Spaniol et al, 2009;van Veen and Carter, 2005). To our knowledge, however, the specific relationship to these network connectivity measures is novel, as is the nature of the relationship.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantifying Individual Brain Connectivity with Functional Principal Component Analysis for Networks

et al. 2016

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In typical functional connectivity studies, connections between voxels or regions in the brain are represented as edges in a network. Networks for different subjects are constructed at a given graph density and are summarized by some network measure such as path length. Examining these summary measures for many density values yields samples of connectivity curves, one for each individual. This has led to the adoption of basic tools of functional data analysis, most commonly to compare control and disease groups through the average curves in each group. Such group differences, however, neglect the variability in the sample of connectivity curves. In this article, the use of functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is demonstrated to enrich functional connectivity studies by providing increased power and flexibility for statistical inference. Specifically, individual connectivity curves are related to individual characteristics such as age and measures of cognitive function, thus providing a tool to relate brain connectivity with these variables at the individual level. This individual level analysis opens a new perspective that goes beyond previous group level comparisons. Using a large data set of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, relationships between connectivity and two measures of cognitive function-episodic memory and executive function-were investigated. The group-based approach was implemented by dichotomizing the continuous cognitive variable and testing for group differences, resulting in no statistically significant findings. To demonstrate the new approach, FPCA was implemented, followed by linear regression models with cognitive scores as responses, identifying significant associations of connectivity in the right middle temporal region with both cognitive scores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantifying Individual Brain Connectivity with Functional Principal Component Analysis for Networks

et al. 2016

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“…Interestingly, stimulus conflict and response conflict have been shown to activate different regions of the ACC. In a study by van Veen and Carter (2005), (Stroop) stimulus conflict was associated with stronger activation in a caudal part of the dorsal ACC (BA 32/6), whereas response conflict was associated with stronger activation in the more rostral dorsal ACC (BA 32/24; for related findings, see Z. Chen, Lei, Ding, Li, & Chen, 2013;Kim, Kroger, & Kim, 2011).…”

Section: Avoidance Of Conflicting Stimuli or Responses (Or Both)?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Dignath

Eder

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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According to a recent extension of the conflictmonitoring theory, conflict between two competing response tendencies is registered as an aversive event and triggers a motivation to avoid the source of conflict. In the present study, we tested this assumption. Over five experiments, we examined whether conflict is associated with an avoidance motivation and whether stimulus conflict or response conflict triggers an avoidance tendency. Participants first performed a color Stroop task. In a subsequent motivation test, participants responded to Stroop stimuli with approach-and avoidancerelated lever movements. These results showed that Stroopconflict stimuli increased the frequency of avoidance responses in a free-choice motivation test, and also increased the speed of avoidance relative to approach responses in a forced-choice test. High and low proportions of response conflict in the Stroop task had no effect on avoidance in the motivation test. Avoidance of conflict was, however, obtained even with new conflict stimuli that had not been presented before in a Stroop task, and when the Stroop task was replaced with an unrelated filler task. Taken together, these results suggest that stimulus conflict is sufficient to trigger avoidance.

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“…For example, Lamb and colleagues (2000) showed that pretrial cues that provided information about the level of the upcoming target affected performance with RT benefits for valid and costs for invalid cues relative to noninformative neutral cues. Facilitation effects from sequential priming were assumed to occur relatively early, at a postsensory but preattentive stage (Han et al, 2000a;Kim et al, 1999;Lamb et al, 1998Lamb et al, ,2000Robertson, 1996;Schatz and Erlandson, 2003), whereas interference effects often have been associated with later response-related stages (Han et al, 1999;Kaufmann et al, 2005;van Veen and Carter, 2005).…”

Section: Interference and Facilitation In Global-local Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local–global interference is modulated by age, sex and anterior corpus callosum size

et al. 2007

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To identify attentional and neural mechanisms affecting global and local feature extraction, we devised a global-local hierarchical letter paradigm to test the hypothesis that aging reduces functional cerebral lateralization through corpus callosum (CC) degradation. Participants (37 men and women, 26-79 years) performed a task requiring global, local, or global+local attention and underwent structural MRI for CC measurement. Although reaction time (RT) slowed with age, all participants had faster RTs to local than global targets. This local precedence effect together with greater interference from incongruent local information and greater response conflict from local targets each correlated with older age and smaller callosal genu (anterior) areas. These findings support the hypothesis that the CC mediates lateralized local-global processes by inhibition of task-irrelevant information under selective attention conditions. Further, with advancing age smaller genu size leads to less robust inhibition, thereby reducing cerebral lateralization and permitting interference to influence processing. Sex was an additional modifier of interference, in that callosum-interference relationships were evident in women but not in men. Regardless of age, smaller splenium (posterior) areas correlated with less response facilitation from repetition priming of global targets in men, but with greater response facilitation from repetition priming of local targets in women. Our data indicate the following dissociation: Anterior callosal structure was associated with inhibitory processes (i.e., interference from incongruency and response conflict), which are vulnerable to the effects of age and sex, whereas posterior callosal structure was associated with facilitation processes from repetition priming dependent on sex and independent of age.

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Separating semantic conflict and response conflict in the Stroop task: A functional MRI study

Cited by 306 publications

References 73 publications

Quantifying Individual Brain Connectivity with Functional Principal Component Analysis for Networks

Quantifying Individual Brain Connectivity with Functional Principal Component Analysis for Networks

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Local–global interference is modulated by age, sex and anterior corpus callosum size

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