Abstract:SLND with SPION is feasible and safe in prostate cancer and the diagnostic accuracy is comparable to the published results of radioguided procedures. In open surgery, SPION may be used as an alternative tracer with its main advantage being the lack of radiation hazard.
“…In a large patient dataset, it is now shown that a reduction down to half of the stipulated dose is highly effective and that a deeper preoperative injection yields more SLNs while retaining a high SPIO-RI concordance rate and resulting in less skin staining, when injected peritumorally. The use of SPIO in other clinical situations, such as SLN identification and dissection in malignant melanoma [31], prostate cancer [32][33][34], penile cancer [35] and uterine cancer [36], has been investigated, with interesting implementations.…”
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are non-inferior to radioisotope and blue dye (RI + BD) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection. Previously, 2 mL SPIO (Sienna+®) in 3 mL NaCl was used. In this dose-optimizing study, lower doses of a new refined SPIO solution (Magtrace®) (1.5 vs. 1.0 mL) were tested in different timeframes (0–24 h perioperative vs. 1–7 days preoperative) and injections sites (subareolar vs. peritumoral). Two consecutive breast cancer cohorts (n = 328) scheduled for SLN-biopsy were included from 2017 to 2019. All patients received isotope ± blue dye as back-up. SLNs were identified primarily with the SentiMag® probe and thereafter a gamma-probe. The primary endpoint was SLN detection rate with SPIO. Analyses were performed as a one-step individual patient-level meta-analysis using patient-level data from the previously published Nordic Trial (n = 206) as a third, reference cohort. In 534 patients, the SPIO SLN detection rates were similar (97.5% vs. 100% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.11) and non-inferior to the dual technique. Significantly more SLNs were retrieved in the preoperative 1.0 mL cohort compared with 1.5 and the 2.0 mL cohorts (2.18 vs. 1.85 vs. 1.83, p = 0.003). Lower SPIO volumes injected up to 7 days before the operation have comparable efficacy to standard SPIO dose and RI + BD for SLN detection.
“…In a large patient dataset, it is now shown that a reduction down to half of the stipulated dose is highly effective and that a deeper preoperative injection yields more SLNs while retaining a high SPIO-RI concordance rate and resulting in less skin staining, when injected peritumorally. The use of SPIO in other clinical situations, such as SLN identification and dissection in malignant melanoma [31], prostate cancer [32][33][34], penile cancer [35] and uterine cancer [36], has been investigated, with interesting implementations.…”
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are non-inferior to radioisotope and blue dye (RI + BD) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection. Previously, 2 mL SPIO (Sienna+®) in 3 mL NaCl was used. In this dose-optimizing study, lower doses of a new refined SPIO solution (Magtrace®) (1.5 vs. 1.0 mL) were tested in different timeframes (0–24 h perioperative vs. 1–7 days preoperative) and injections sites (subareolar vs. peritumoral). Two consecutive breast cancer cohorts (n = 328) scheduled for SLN-biopsy were included from 2017 to 2019. All patients received isotope ± blue dye as back-up. SLNs were identified primarily with the SentiMag® probe and thereafter a gamma-probe. The primary endpoint was SLN detection rate with SPIO. Analyses were performed as a one-step individual patient-level meta-analysis using patient-level data from the previously published Nordic Trial (n = 206) as a third, reference cohort. In 534 patients, the SPIO SLN detection rates were similar (97.5% vs. 100% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.11) and non-inferior to the dual technique. Significantly more SLNs were retrieved in the preoperative 1.0 mL cohort compared with 1.5 and the 2.0 mL cohorts (2.18 vs. 1.85 vs. 1.83, p = 0.003). Lower SPIO volumes injected up to 7 days before the operation have comparable efficacy to standard SPIO dose and RI + BD for SLN detection.
“…Data collected from the included manuscripts accounted for a total of 2586 patients. Regarding SLN tracer selection, a total of 10 papers reported the use of technetium 99m-nanocolloids (99mTc-NC) [18,19,29,33,35,[37][38][39][40][41], 6 papers of "free" indocyanine green (ICG) [17,22,28,30,32,44], 3 papers of "hybrid" ICG-99mTC-NC tracer [23,24,31], 4 papers superparamagnetic of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) [25][26][27]36], 2 papers of PSMA radiotracer [20,21], 1 paper of technetium 99m-sulfur [34], 1 paper of technetium 99mphylate [42], and 1 paper of technetium 99m human serum albumine (HAS) [43]. Two groups combined the use of 99mTc-NC and intraoperative ICG within the same cohort [23,24].…”
Section: Diagnostic Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two groups combined the use of 99mTc-NC and intraoperative ICG within the same cohort [23,24]. Regarding tracer administration, 11 papers reported an intraprostatic injection template [17][18][19]22,24,25,27,29,37,38,43]. Intra-/peri-lesional administration was performed in two reports [18,29].…”
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for prostate cancer (PCa) represents an innovative technique aimed at improving nodal staging accuracy. The routinary adoption of this procedure in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) might be crucial to identify candidates who could effectively benefit from extensive pelvic lymph nodal dissection (ePLND). Despite some promising results, SNB for PCa is still considered experimental due to the lack of solid evidence and procedural standardization. In this regard, our narrative review aimed to analyze the most recent literature in this field, providing an overview of both the diagnostic accuracy measures and the oncological outcomes of SNB.
“…Staník et al showed that SPIONs could be used as an alternative to the gold standard to detect the SLN in intermediate and high risk PCa. They performed magnetometer-guided SLND gaining a diagnostic rate of 95% [11].…”
Section: Spions For Sentinel Lymph Nodementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In urologic oncology, SPIONs are injected in peritumoral or into the primary tumor for the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) such as penile cancer and prostate cancer in all its variant [8,9]. Also, in BC could help identify SLN [10][11][12][13]. Despite all, SPIONs have an impact on the cellular viability in BC, hinder the neovascularization and induce autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells [14,15].…”
Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoparticles that have an iron oxide core and a functionalized shell. SPIONs have recently raised much interest in the scientific community, given their exciting potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications. The possibility to modify their surface and the characteristics of their core make SPIONs a specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging but also an intriguing family of tracer for nuclear medicine. An example is 68Ga-radiolabeled bombesin-conjugated to superparamagnetic nanoparticles coated with trimethyl chitosan that is selective for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. These receptors are expressed by several human cancer cells such as breast and prostate neoplasia. Since the coating does not interfere with the properties of the molecules bounded to the shell, it has been proposed to link SPIONs with antibodies. SPIONs can be used also to monitor the biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cells and take place in various applications. The aim of this review of literature is to analyze the diagnostic aspect of SPIONs in magnetic resonance imaging and in nuclear medicine, with a particular focus on sentinel lymph node applications. Moreover, it is taken into account the possible toxicity and the effects on human physiology to determine the SPIONs' safety.Keywords SPION . Iron oxide nanoparticles . Review . 68Ga-radiolabeled bombesin . Molecular imaging * Viviana Frantellizzi
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