Sentinel Coronavirus Environmental Monitoring Can Contribute to Detecting Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spreaders and Can Verify Effectiveness of Workplace COVID-19 Controls

Marshall, Douglas L.; Jensen, Søren Krogh; Linde, Svend Aage; Higby, Richard; Rémy-McCort, Yvoine; Murray, Séan; Dieckelman, Bryan; Sudradjat, Fitri; Martin, Gilles G.

doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.20131185

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Estimates of genome copies per cm 2 of SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive surface samples were calculated using a standard curve with no sample collected exceeding 6.6x10 3 genomic copies/cm 2 . While finding limited amounts of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at sites reporting a COVID-19 cases may seem counter-intuitive, low levels of contamination were reported in similar studies including the in areas recently occupied by symptomatic workers (Gholipour et al, 2020;Marshall et al, 2020;Mouchtouri et al, 2020;Cherrie et al, 2021;Marcenac et al, 2021;de Rooij et al, 2023) and in some clinical settings occupied by infected patients (Ryu et al, 2020;Goel et al, 2022;Warren et al, 2022). Two control sites were also sampled as part of this study; both positive and suspected positive samples were identified at these sites albeit at lower levels than in recruited sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in workplace outbreak settings in the UK, 2021-22

Nicholls¹,

Spencer²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aims: To utilise environmental surface sampling to evaluate areas of SARS-CoV-2 contamination within workplaces to identify trends and improve local COVID-control measures. Methods and Results: Surface sampling was undertaken at 12 workplaces that experienced a cluster of COVID-19 cases in the workforce between March 2021 and March 2022. 7.4% (61/829) of samples collected were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by qPCR with only 1.8% (15/829) of samples identified with crossing threshold (Ct) values below 35.0. No sample returned whole genome sequence inferring RNA detected was degraded. Conclusions: Few workplace surface samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and positive samples typically contained low levels of nucleic acid. Although these data may infer a low probability of fomite transmission or other forms of transmission within the workplace, Ct values may have been lower at the time of contamination. Workplace environmental sampling identified lapses in COVID-control measures within individual sites and showed trends through the pandemic. Significance and Impact of the Study: Prior to this study, few published reports investigated SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination within workplaces experiencing cases of COVID-19. This report provides extensive data on environmental sampling identifying trends across workplaces and through the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in workplace outbreak settings in the UK, 2021-22

Nicholls¹,

Spencer²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…High Ct-value shows lower viral load on the surface close to viral shedding. 17 Other references stated that Ct-value is not correlated directly or indirectly with the degree of severity. Ct-value can be opposite to the viral load and transmissibility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does end stage renal disease increase severity of COVID-19?

Gunawan,

Rosita,

Arthamin

et al. 2023

Udayana In. Med.

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Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are vulnerable to contract corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), and they have higher risk of deterioration and mortality rate compared to general population. There are studies on COVID-19 in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients showing the low rates of deterioration, most of which did not develop into severe pneumonia. Objective: Compare the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings in COVID-19 patients with and without ESRD and to identify the mortality risk factors in those with ESRD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 87 COVID-19 patients, consisted of 43 ESRD and 44 non-ESRD. Data taken included age, gender, the amount of co-morbid, oxygen saturation when they first arrived, COVID 19 symptoms (mild/moderate/severe-critical), and the data of patients who died. Result: Severe-critical clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were more common in those with ESRD vs those without (p=0.012). However, the mortality was not significantly different. Absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in those with ESRD. As many as 24% COVID patients died, in which 11% are ESRD patients, and 13% non-ESRD. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR ≥1 had 1.3 times higher death risk compared to NLR<1. Conclusion: Severe-critical clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were more commonly found in ESRD patients. The mortality rate was not significantly different between the ESRD and non-ESRD. In COVID-19 patients with ESRD, NLR ≥1 had 1.3 times higher death risk compared to NLR<1. High NLR is a risk factor for higher mortality in ESRD patients.

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“…Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces could predict the presence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic personnel at the workplace (32,33). This could allow for response and control measures to be implemented for these personnel.…”

Section: -Virus Survives In the Food Establishment Environment And On Fomitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Risk Pathway of the Qualitative Likelihood of Human Exposure to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from the Food Chain

Locas

Brassard

Rose-Martel

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Protection

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A group of experts from all Canadian federal food safety partners was formed to monitor the potential issues relating to SARS-CoV-2 food contamination, to gather and consider all of the relevant evidence and to determine the impact for Canadian food safety. A comprehensive risk pathway was generated to consider the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 contamination event at any of the relevant steps of the food processing and handling chain, and potential for exposure and transmission of the virus to the consumer. The scientific evidence was reviewed and assessed for each event in the pathway, taking into consideration relevant elements that could increase or mitigate the risk of contamination. The advantage of having an event-wise contextualization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathway through the food chain, is that it provides a systematic and consistent approach to evaluate any new data and communicate its importance and impact. The pathway also increases the objectivity and consistency of the assessment in a rapidly evolving and high-stakes situation. Based on our review and analysis, there is currently no comprehensive epidemiological evidence of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2, or its variants, causing COVID-19 from transmission through food or food packaging. Considering the remote possibility of exposure through food, the likelihood of exposure by ingestion or contact with mucosa is considered negligible to very low and good hygiene practices during food preparation should continue to be followed.

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Sentinel Coronavirus Environmental Monitoring Can Contribute to Detecting Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spreaders and Can Verify Effectiveness of Workplace COVID-19 Controls

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in workplace outbreak settings in the UK, 2021-22

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 in workplace outbreak settings in the UK, 2021-22

Does end stage renal disease increase severity of COVID-19?

Comprehensive Risk Pathway of the Qualitative Likelihood of Human Exposure to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from the Food Chain

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