Sentinel-1A for monitoring land subsidence of coastal city of Pakistan using Persistent Scatterers In-SAR technique

Abstract

Karachi is located in the southern part of Pakistan along the Arabian Sea coast. Relevant institutions are concerned about the possibility of ground subsidence in the city, contributing to the comparative sea-level rise. So yet, no direct measurement of the subsidence rate and its relation to city submergence danger has been made. SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry is a powerful method for obtaining millimeter-accurate surface displacement measurements. The Sentinel-1 satellite data provide extensive geographical coverage, regular acquisitions, and open access. This research used the persistent scatterer interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) technology with Sentinel-1 SAR images to monitor ground subsidence in Karachi, Pakistan. The SARPROZ software was used to analyze a series of Sentinel-1A images taken from November 2019 to December 2020 along ascending and descending orbit paths to assess land subsidence in Karachi. The cumulative deformation in Line of Sight (LOS) ranged from − 68.91 to 76.06 mm/year, whereas the vertical deformation in LOS ranged from − 67.66 to 74.68 mm/year. The data reveal a considerable rise in subsidence from 2019 to 2020. The general pattern of subsidence indicated very high values in the city center, whereas locations outside the city center saw minimal subsidence. Overall, the proposed technique effectively maps, identifies, and monitors land areas susceptible to subsidence. This will allow for more efficient planning, construction of surface infrastructure, and control of subsidence-induced risks.

Memperkirakan Penurunan Tanah Menggunakan Data Sentinel 1 Sar Diberbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Di Kota Padang

“…Hanya beberapa kota di Indonesia yang menyediakan data pemantauan berbasis darat ini seperti jakarta semarang bandung dan surabaya. Dibandingkan dengan dua metode tersebut, teknik InSAR dapat memperoleh berbagai informasi penurunan tanah dengan presisi pemantauannya yang tinggi, mencapai skala millimeter serta jangkauan wilayah yang luas (Hussain et al, 2022;Raspini et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2019). Penginderaan jauh telah banyak digunakan untuk pemetaan dan perencanaan tata ruang.…”

Monitoring of land subsidence by combining small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar and generic atmospheric correction online service in Qingdao City, China

“…[14][15][16] Furthermore, advanced time series InSAR techniques have facilitated the monitoring of land subsidence in many cities. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] As one of the important central coastal cities of China, Qingdao is not only an international port but also an important center of tourism and economic development. In recent years, urbanization in Qingdao has increased rapidly.…”

“… – 16 Furthermore, advanced time series InSAR techniques have facilitated the monitoring of land subsidence in many cities 17 – 23 …”

PSI Spatially Constrained Clustering: The Sibari and Metaponto Coastal Plains

“…Accordingly, in recent years, a consistent number of studies have proposed and investigated its use. In particular, studies addressing urban subsidence [4][5][6][7], mine subsidence [8,9], industrial-related processes [10][11][12], and coastal monitoring [13][14][15][16] can be mentioned.…”