Sensory Testing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Men

Gulevich, Steven; Kalmijn, Jelger; Thal, Leon J.; Iragui-Madoz, V.; McCutchan, J. A.; Kennedy, Caroline J.; Grant, Igor

doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530360083022

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The results suggest that age is the most single determinant of sensory thresholds among all parameters studied; these are important references for the interpretation of clinical data on sensory thresholds. Quantitative sensory testing is an easily performed, non‐invasive assessment, and these approaches could be applied clinically ( Zaslansky and Yarnitsky, 1998 ; Burns et al, 2002 ; Magda et al, 2002 ; Shy et al, 2003 ) , including screening of sensory disorders ( Dyck et al, 1987 ; 2000 ; Lipton et al, 1987 ; Nurmikko, 1991 ; Gulevich et al, 1992 ; Dyck and O'Brien, 1999 ; Sindrup et al, 2001 ) and monitoring of disease progression or therapeutic effects ( Simovic et al, 2001 ; Wellmer et al, 2001 ; Wallace et al, 2002 ; Hilz et al, 2004 ; Windebank et al, 2004 ; de la Cour and Jakobsen, 2005 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aging on thermal and vibratory thresholds of quantitative sensory testing

Lin

Hsieh

Chao³

et al. 2005

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

144

111

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Quantitative sensory testing has become a common approach to evaluate thermal and vibratory thresholds in various types of neuropathies. To understand the effect of aging on sensory perception, we measured warm, cold, and vibratory thresholds by performing quantitative sensory testing on a population of 484 normal subjects (175 males and 309 females), aged 48.61 +/- 14.10 (range 20-86) years. Sensory thresholds of the hand and foot were measured with two algorithms: the method of limits (Limits) and the method of level (Level). Thresholds measured by Limits are reaction-time-dependent, while those measured by Level are independent of reaction time. In addition, we explored (1) the correlations of thresholds between these two algorithms, (2) the effect of age on differences in thresholds between algorithms, and (3) differences in sensory thresholds between the two test sites. Age was consistently and significantly correlated with sensory thresholds of all tested modalities measured by both algorithms on multivariate regression analysis compared with other factors, including gender, body height, body weight, and body mass index. When thresholds were plotted against age, slopes differed between sensory thresholds of the hand and those of the foot: for the foot, slopes were steeper compared with those for the hand for each sensory modality. Sensory thresholds of both test sites measured by Level were highly correlated with those measured by Limits, and thresholds measured by Limits were higher than those measured by Level. Differences in sensory thresholds between the two algorithms were also correlated with age: thresholds of the foot were higher than those of the hand for each sensory modality. This difference in thresholds (measured with both Level and Limits) between the hand and foot was also correlated with age. These findings suggest that age is the most significant factor in determining sensory thresholds compared with the other factors of gender and anthropometric parameters, and this provides a foundation for investigating the neurobiologic significance of aging on the processing of sensory stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aging on thermal and vibratory thresholds of quantitative sensory testing

Lin

Hsieh

Chao³

et al. 2005

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

144

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Multiple studies have demonstrated that not all patients show symptoms and/or signs of PN, and therefore these patients are grouped as suffering from subclinical PN [27,28,31]. Gulevich et al evaluated vibratory thresholds in HIV-seronegative patients, HIVseropositive patients who were asymptomatic of neuropathy and patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) with symptoms of neuropathy and found that vibratory threshold levels were higher in HIV-seropositive asymptomatic patients than HIV-seronegative patients and highest in AIDS/ARC, suggesting that subclinical neuropathy is related to the stage of HIV infection [32]. These studies demonstrate the importance of neurophysiological testing to further identify patients with subclinical PN.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus–related peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Julian

Rekatsina

Shafique

et al. 2020

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neurological syndromes occur in affected individuals as a consequence of primary HIV infection, opportunistic infections, inflammation and as an adverse effect of some forms of antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of this systematic review was to establish the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors of HIV‐related peripheral neuropathy (PN). Methods A systematic, computer‐based search was conducted using the PubMed database. Data regarding the above parameters were extracted. Ninety‐four articles were included in this review. Results The most commonly described clinical presentation of HIV neuropathy is the distal predominantly sensory polyneuropathy. The primary pathology in HIVPN appears to be axonal rather than demyelinating. Age and treatment with medications belonging in the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase class are risk factors for developing HIV‐related neuropathy. The pooled prevalence of PN in patients naïve to ARTs was established to be 29% (95% CI: 9%–62%) and increased to 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%–48%) when looking into patients at various stages of their disease. More than half of patients with HIV‐related neuropathy are symptomatic (53%, 95% CI: 41%–63%). Management of HIV‐related neuropathy is mainly symptomatic, although there is evidence that discontinuation of some types of ART, such as didanosine, can improve or resolve symptoms. Conclusions Human immunodeficiency virus–related neuropathy is common and represents a significant burden in patients’ lives. Our understanding of the disease has grown over the last years, but there are unexplored areas requiring further study.

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“…Patients may have signs of DSPN, such as decreased vibratory sensation or diminished ankle reflexes, before developing symptoms. Electrophysiologic evidence of neuropathy (reduced nerve conduction velocity and amplitude) may be present in up to two-thirds of PWH [1,7,20]. Thus, regular foot examinations and neurologic sensory assessments are appropriate in at-risk patients, irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms [21].…”

Section: Assessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tuning fork may be used to check for a high vibratory threshold, an essential indicator of subclinical PN [23]. Assessments for abnormal proprioception, temperature, pinprick sensation, and deep tendon reflexes are easy and quick to perform [1,19,16,20,23,24].…”

Section: Assessmentioning

confidence: 99%