Sensory reinnervation of muscles following nerve section and suture in cats

Banks, Robert W.; Barker, David J.; Brown, H.G.

doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(85)80057-7

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This observation brought us to examine the length thresholds that were measurable for afferents that were not firing before transient muscle stretch (78 vs 42% of the samples for rats with reinnervated vs unoperated muscles, respectively). Similar to previous demonstrations (Gregory et al, 1982;Banks et al, 1985;Banks and Barker, 1989;Lewin and McMahon, 1991), length thresholds were significantly greater ( p ϭ 0.0015) for afferents from reinnervated (0.39 Ϯ 0.65 mm; n ϭ 31) than for ones from unoperated (0.05 Ϯ 0.02 mm; n ϭ 20) muscle. This increase in length threshold had little effect on the firing responses of afferents in rats with reinnervated muscles (Fig.…”

Section: Response Properties Of Regenerated Muscle Spindle Afferentssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…2C). These features of muscle spindles reinnervated after nerve section are documented in several previous reports (Banks et al, 1985;Ip et al, 1988;Banks and Barker, 1989;Dieler and Schroder, 1990;Dieler et al, 1992;Barker et al, 1993). Banks and Barker (1989) give evidence that regenerated annulospiral endings in the equatorial region of intrafusal fibers are likely produced by regenerated group Ia afferents, although reinnervation by other proprioceptive afferents, i.e., groups Ib and II, cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…2 A), and, in normal animals, these endings are generated by group Ia afferents (Barker, 1974). In the contralateral MG muscles that were self-reinnervated after nerve cut, we found that most muscle spindles (Ͼ75%) ( Table 1) received a nerve supply (Banks et al, 1985;Ip et al, 1988). More than half of these spindles exhibited regular transverse bands of annulospiral endings in the equatorial region of intrafusal fibers similar to normal spindles (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Haftel¹,

Bichler²,

Wang³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long after a cut peripheral nerve reinnervates muscle and restores force production in adult cats, the muscle does not respond reflexively to stretch. Motivated by the likelihood that stretch areflexia is related to problems with sensing and controlling limb position after peripheral neuropathies, we sought to determine the underlying mechanism. Electrophysiological and morphological measurements were made in anesthetized rats having one of the nerves to the triceps surae muscles either untreated or cut and immediately rejoined surgically many months earlier. First, it was established that reinnervated muscles failed to generate stretch reflexes, extending observations of areflexia to a second species. Next, multiple elements in the sensorimotor circuit of the stretch reflex were examined in both the PNS and CNS. Encoding of muscle stretch by regenerated proprioceptive afferents was remarkably similar to normal, although we observed some expected abnormalities, e.g., increased length threshold. However, the robust stretch-evoked sensory response that arrived concurrently at the CNS in multiple proprioceptive afferents produced synaptic responses that were either smaller than normal or undetectable. Muscle stretch failed to evoke detectable synaptic responses in 13 of 22 motoneurons, although electrical stimulation generated monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials that were indistinguishable from normal. The ineffectiveness of muscle stretch was not attributable therefore to dysfunction at synapses made between regenerated Ia afferents and motoneurons. Among multiple candidate mechanisms, we suggest that centrally controlled neural circuits may actively suppress the sensory information encoded by regenerated proprioceptive afferents to prevent recovery of the stretch reflex.

show abstract

Section: Response Properties Of Regenerated Muscle Spindle Afferentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Haftel¹,

Bichler²,

Wang³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eight cats were cross-reinnervated; in a further two animals a similar operation was performed but the nerves were reunited with their original muscles. We would like to emphasize that the cut ends of the nerves were simply tied together; no special effort was made to maintain fascicular realignment nor did we repair the nerve with epineural sutures (cf., Banks et al, 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains uncertain whether muscle afferents are involved in the transformation process. In recent years evidence has accumulated indicating that nerve injury, be it nerve crush, freezing, or section, results in a permanent disruption of the innervation of at least some muscle receptors (Quick and Rogers, 1983;Barker and Milburn, 1984;Banks et al, 1985;Scott, 1985). The possibility therefore arises that changes in muscle mechanical properties accompanying nerve cross-union are simply the result of disruption of receptors and the abnormal patterns of activity to which they give rise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of muscle receptors in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat

Luff

Proske

1988

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has recently been reported (Gregory et al., J. Physiol., 331:367-383, 1982) that cutting a muscle nerve and letting it grow back into the muscle or cross-uniting the muscle with a foreign nerve results in major disruption of the normal response patterns of muscle spindles and tendon organs. Here we report observations on the structure of muscle receptors in cross-reinnervated and self-reinnervated soleus muscles in an attempt to detect abnormalities that might account for their disturbed function. Eight soleus muscles were reinnervated with the extensor digitorum longus nerve for periods up to 449 days and two were self-reinnervated. Following the physiological investigation, the muscle was fixed and stained according to the method of Barker and Ip (J. Physiol., 69:73P-74P, 1963). Spindles and tendon organs were teased from the muscle and photographed. In one cross-reinnervated muscle an attempt was made to isolate all receptors. About two-thirds of the normal number of spindles and tendon organs were found. Three categories of receptor were identified: normal, abnormal, and those having no visible nerve endings. There appeared to be little difference in degree of abnormality of receptors in self- and cross-reinnervated muscles. Of the 180 spindles, 3% were normal, 43% had no visible endings, and 54% had abnormal endings. Of 80 tendon organs, 38% were normally innervated, 33% were without visible innervation, and 29% had abnormal endings. We conclude that following long-term cross-reinnervation and self-reinnervation of soleus there is extensive disruption of the normal innervation pattern of both spindles and tendon organs which could account for their functional abnormalities.

show abstract

Location and completeness of reinnervation by two types of neurons at a single target: The feline muscle spindle

DeSantis¹,

Norman

1993

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscle spindles from the tenuissimus muscle of the cat were examined microscopically to assess the precision and completeness of reinnervation of intrafusal muscle fibers by efferent and afferent neurons. Positions of motor and sensory nerve terminals were charted relative to the cross-sectional area enclosed by the outer capsule of the spindle. Profiles of nerve endings were measured for normally innervated and reinnervated spindles. The tenuissimus was deprived of innervation by freezing its nerve, sometimes in conjunction with either spinal ganglion removal or ventral rhizotomy. Sensory and motor terminals occupied separate locales along the length of normal muscle spindles. Nerve terminals of efferent and afferent neurons were located in appropriate positions along the length of spindles when axons of both types of neurons regrew together and when either category of axon regenerated alone. Precise reinnervation of muscle spindles occurred in spite of a diminished diameter of intrafusal fibers. Repopulation of the spindle with motor endings was less complete than that by sensory endings, based on the proportion and size of the regenerated terminals. We conclude that under optimal conditions for axonal regrowth, efferent and afferent neurons reinnervate their respective regions along intrafusal muscle fibers but motor lags sensory reinnervation within the spindle. The mechanism by which positional specificity happens during reinnervation of intrafusal fibers requires neither an interaction between terminals of the two types of neurons nor target cells of normal bulk.

show abstract

Sensory reinnervation of muscles following nerve section and suture in cats

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Innervation of muscle receptors in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat

Location and completeness of reinnervation by two types of neurons at a single target: The feline muscle spindle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About