Innervation of muscle receptors in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat

Ip, Margaret; Luff, A. R.; Proske, Uwe

doi:10.1002/ar.1092200213

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2C). These features of muscle spindles reinnervated after nerve section are documented in several previous reports (Banks et al, 1985;Ip et al, 1988;Banks and Barker, 1989;Dieler and Schroder, 1990;Dieler et al, 1992;Barker et al, 1993). Banks and Barker (1989) give evidence that regenerated annulospiral endings in the equatorial region of intrafusal fibers are likely produced by regenerated group Ia afferents, although reinnervation by other proprioceptive afferents, i.e., groups Ib and II, cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…2 A), and, in normal animals, these endings are generated by group Ia afferents (Barker, 1974). In the contralateral MG muscles that were self-reinnervated after nerve cut, we found that most muscle spindles (Ͼ75%) ( Table 1) received a nerve supply (Banks et al, 1985;Ip et al, 1988). More than half of these spindles exhibited regular transverse bands of annulospiral endings in the equatorial region of intrafusal fibers similar to normal spindles (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Haftel¹,

Bichler²,

Wang³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long after a cut peripheral nerve reinnervates muscle and restores force production in adult cats, the muscle does not respond reflexively to stretch. Motivated by the likelihood that stretch areflexia is related to problems with sensing and controlling limb position after peripheral neuropathies, we sought to determine the underlying mechanism. Electrophysiological and morphological measurements were made in anesthetized rats having one of the nerves to the triceps surae muscles either untreated or cut and immediately rejoined surgically many months earlier. First, it was established that reinnervated muscles failed to generate stretch reflexes, extending observations of areflexia to a second species. Next, multiple elements in the sensorimotor circuit of the stretch reflex were examined in both the PNS and CNS. Encoding of muscle stretch by regenerated proprioceptive afferents was remarkably similar to normal, although we observed some expected abnormalities, e.g., increased length threshold. However, the robust stretch-evoked sensory response that arrived concurrently at the CNS in multiple proprioceptive afferents produced synaptic responses that were either smaller than normal or undetectable. Muscle stretch failed to evoke detectable synaptic responses in 13 of 22 motoneurons, although electrical stimulation generated monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials that were indistinguishable from normal. The ineffectiveness of muscle stretch was not attributable therefore to dysfunction at synapses made between regenerated Ia afferents and motoneurons. Among multiple candidate mechanisms, we suggest that centrally controlled neural circuits may actively suppress the sensory information encoded by regenerated proprioceptive afferents to prevent recovery of the stretch reflex.

show abstract

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Recovery Of Proprioceptive Afferents/receptorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Haftel¹,

Bichler²,

Wang³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the tenuissimus experiments 43 % of spindles (n = 58) were reinnervated by I a afferents as compared with 21 % of peroneus brevis spindles after complete section of the common peroneal nerve ( Table 2). In the histological analysis by Ip, Luff & Proske (1988) of the soleus muscles that were selfor cross-reinnervated in the experiments by Gregory et al (1982) only 3% of spindles were observed to have regenerated annulospiral primary endings (presumably Ia) among 180 examined. This may reflect the fact that in these experiments the nerve stumps were simply tied together with silk thread without attempting epineurial repair or fascicular alignment.…”

Section: Process and Quality Of Recoverymentioning

confidence: 95%

Specificities of afferents reinnervating cat muscle spindles after nerve section.

Banks

Barker

1989

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. We have made quantitative assessments of the sensory reinnervation and recovery of peroneus brevis muscle spindles following section and epineurial repair of the common peroneal nerve. After 6-50 weeks recovery, single-unit, dorsal-root recordings were made of the responses to ramp-and-hold or sinusoidal stretch of the reinnervated spindles, which were subsequently examined in teased, silver preparations.2. Assessments of recovery used data obtained from cross-union experiments in which foreign afferents (including Ib) were given the opportunity of reinnervating spindles in the absence of their native (Ia, spindle II) afferents; and from an examination of tenuissimus spindles reinnervated by Ia and spindle II afferents in the absence of I b afferents. These studies revealed: (i) that regenerating I b afferents can terminate in sites originally occupied by the endings of I a or spindle II afferents, and respond to stretch like normal I a and spindle II afferents; (ii) that Ib and spindle II afferents reinnervating spindles are histologically identical apart from diameter range; and (iii) that some cutaneous afferents can reinnervate spindles and give highly abnormal, phasic stretch responses.3. Recovery of afferents reinnervating spindles was marked by increases in conduction velocity and proportions firing tonically, but their firing rates at the three phases of ramp-and-hold stretch were considerably lower than normal and showed no tendency to increase.4. Some relatively fast afferents that gave spindle Il-type responses were identified as I b afferents reinnervating secondary-ending sites; conversely, some relatively slow afferents that gave Ia-type responses were identified as spindle II afferents reinnervating primary-ending sites.5. The estimated loss of spindle afferents from tenuissimus after nerve section (52 % Ia, 49% spindle II) was considerably less than the estimated loss of these afferents from peroneus brevis after section of the common peroneal nerve (79 % I a, 86% spindle II). The proportion of spindles in tenuissimus reinnervated by freeending afferents was also much lower (22 %) than in peroneus brevis (73%). These differences are partly attributed to the greater size and degree of afferent complexity of the common peroneal nerve. 7. In discussing our results in relation to the work of others we conclude that when I a, spindle II and I b afferents regenerate after nerve section, some make random and functional reconnections, which, by virtue of their dual cell specificity for intrafusal muscle fibres and collagen, can be with either spindles or tendon organs.

show abstract

“…In addition, several studies showed return of the reflex response, with one study demonstrating restoration of up to 70% of normal reflex contraction tension in rats 21,23,49 . A possible explanation for incomplete sensory recovery in muscle is abnormal reinnervation and ultrastructural changes in a fraction of the sensory end organs and nerve endings 19,20,25,26,31,40 . This may explain why some studies have demonstrated abnormal neural response and/or reflex muscle contraction despite evidence of successful regeneration and reinnervation 53,54 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle following peripheral nerve injury

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensory afferent fibers are an important component of motor nerves and compose the majority of axons in many nerves traditionally thought of as “pure” motor nerves. These sensory afferent fibers innervate special sensory end organs in muscle, including muscle spindles that respond to changes in muscle length and Golgi tendons that detect muscle tension. Both play a major role in proprioception, sensorimotor extremity control feedback, and force regulation. After peripheral nerve injury, there is histological and electrophysiological evidence that sensory afferents can reinnervate muscle, including muscle that was not the nerve's original target. Reinnervation can occur after different nerve injury and muscle models, including muscle graft, crush, and transection injuries, and occurs in a nonspecific manner, allowing for cross‐innervation to occur. Evidence of cross‐innervation includes the following: muscle spindle and Golgi tendon afferent‐receptor mismatch, vagal sensory fiber reinnervation of muscle, and cutaneous afferent reinnervation of muscle spindle or Golgi tendons. There are several notable clinical applications of sensory reinnervation and cross‐reinnervation of muscle, including restoration of optimal motor control after peripheral nerve repair, flap sensation, sensory protection of denervated muscle, neuroma treatment and prevention, and facilitation of prosthetic sensorimotor control. This review focuses on sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle, and the clinical applications of this phenomena. Understanding the physiology and limitations of sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle may ultimately facilitate improvement of its clinical applications.

show abstract

Innervation of muscle receptors in the cross‐reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Central Suppression of Regenerated Proprioceptive Afferents

Specificities of afferents reinnervating cat muscle spindles after nerve section.

Sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle following peripheral nerve injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About