Sensorless Control and Fault Diagnosis of Electromechanical Contactors

A New Run-to-Run Approach for Reducing Contact Bounce in Electromagnetic Switches

“…As a solution, Rahman et al [13] used electrical variables to estimate the position of a solenoid actuator. Similar approaches have been used to control hydraulic valves [14] and, more recently, electromechanical contactors [15], [16].…”

“…In spite of the extensive literature on the field, the problem of contact bounce in electromagnetic switches is still not successfully solved. The already presented strategies use expert rules [10], intelligent algorithms [11] or nonlinear parameter estimators [15], all of which are strongly dependent on having a good knowledge of the system and its parameters. Consequently, if the device is subject to wear or drift, works under changing conditions or some of the parameters have not been properly identified, the effectiveness of any of these algorithms is considerably reduced.…”

Load influence on the response of AC-Contactors under power quality disturbances

“…However, the quality of figures does not allow us to conclude correctly the accurate behavior of this equipment under PQ events. In this line, and with the aim of reducing the contact bounce, other authors encourage the implementation of electronic control and sensing over contactors [65][66][67].…”

Resistance Estimation in Solenoid Actuators by Considering Different Resistances in the PWM Paths

“…1) are electromechanical converters with a linear limited travel and they are most commonly used for flow controlling purposes and as contactors. A review of literature has shown that the sensorless methods, which are available for solenoid actuators, do not satisfactorily consider the variations in the coil's resistance caused by thermal effects [4][5][6][7][8][9], [13]. Therefore, efficient methods for estimating the resistance of solenoid actuators are of great importance for improving robustness and effectiveness.…”