Sensori-Sensory Afferent Conditioning With Leg Movement: Gain Control in Spinal Reflex and Ascending Paths

Brooke, J. D.; Cheng, Jianguo; Collins, David F.; McIlroy, William E.; Misiaszek, John E.; Staines, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00061-5

Cited by 223 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…3) as compared to the other conditions (suppression is better expressed in a motoneuron pool in which many neurons are active). In line with earlier reports (Brooke et al 1997;Duysens et al 1991), it appears that the amplitude of reflexes do not strictly covary with ongoing EMG activity, suggesting that premotoneuronal mechanisms play a role.…”

Section: Influence Of Body Load On Reflex Amplitudesupporting

confidence: 90%

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Modulation of cutaneous reflexes by load receptor input during human walking

Bastiaanse¹,

Duysens

Dietz³

2000

Exp Brain Res

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AbstraetTo investigate the influence of load on the modulation of cutaneous reflexes, evoked by sural nerve stimulation, electromyographic activity in different leg muscles (tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis (GM), biceps femoris, and soleus muscles (SO)) was recorded in healthy humans during treadmill walking with different body loads. Sural nerve stimulation was applied at two times perception threshold during different phases of the step cycle. Reflex amplitudes increased with body unloading and decreased with body loading. The reflex responses were not a simple function of the level of background activity. For example, in GM and SO, the largest reflex responses occurred during walking with body unloading, when background activity was decreased. Hence, stable ground conditions (body loading) yielded smaller reflexes. It is proposed that load receptors are involved in the regulation of cutaneous reflex responses in order to adapt the locomotor pattern to the environmental conditions.

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Section: Influence Of Body Load On Reflex Amplitudesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Second, input signaling load can influence transmission in various afferent pathways and thereby modulate reflex responses (Brooke et al 1997). Such interactions have been described for postural tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of cutaneous reflexes by load receptor input during human walking

Bastiaanse¹,

Duysens

Dietz³

2000

Exp Brain Res

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“…In many closedloop situations (e.g., reflexes or perception-action loop), gain is used to refer to the effect of feedback on future movement or forces (Robinson, 1976;Evinger and Manning, 1988;Prochazka, 1989;Brooke et al, 1997;Kawato, 1999;Peterka, 2002). In some sense, any increasing force can be viewed as a result of changing gain of the muscle as increasingly more motor units get recruited (Henneman and Mendell, 1981;Jones et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin Affects Movement Gain Control in the Spinal Cord

Wei

Glaser

Deng

et al. 2014

Journal of Neuroscience

103

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A fundamental challenge for the nervous system is to encode signals spanning many orders of magnitude with neurons of limited bandwidth. To meet this challenge, perceptual systems use gain control. However, whether the motor system uses an analogous mechanism is essentially unknown. Neuromodulators, such as serotonin, are prime candidates for gain control signals during force production. Serotonergic neurons project diffusely to motor pools, and, therefore, force production by one muscle should change the gain of others. Here we present behavioral and pharmaceutical evidence that serotonin modulates the input-output gain of motoneurons in humans. By selectively changing the efficacy of serotonin with drugs, we systematically modulated the amplitude of spinal reflexes. More importantly, force production in different limbs interacts systematically, as predicted by a spinal gain control mechanism. Psychophysics and pharmacology suggest that the motor system adopts gain control mechanisms, and serotonin is a primary driver for their implementation in force production.

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“…The stretch reflex can be modulated synaptically within the spinal cord by activation of the fusimotor system (e.g., Ellaway et al 2002) and by circuits that mediate presynaptic inhibition (Misiaszek et al 2000; see reviews by Brooke et al 1997;Pierrot-Deseilligny and Meunier 1998;Stein 1995) and/or that generate rhythmic motor actions (Gosgnach et al 2000; for review Clarac et al 2000). Stretch reflex modulation may also derive from properties intrinsic to motoneurons because rapid repetition of muscle stretch can activate plateau potentials in motoneurons and enhance and prolong stretch reflexes (Bennett et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modulation of the stretch reflex might also result from variability in the response properties of the sensory receptors/ afferents themselves (see Brooke et al 1997). Variability in spindle afferent responses is best characterized for the initial burst of high-frequency firing that is produced at stretch onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Reduces the Dynamic Response of Muscle Spindle Afferents and Motoneuron Synaptic Potentials in Rat

Haftel¹,

Bichler²,

Nichols³

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. Movement reduces the dynamic response of muscle spindle afferents and motoneuron synaptic potentials in rat. J Neurophysiol 91: 2164 -2171, 2004. First published December 24, 2003 10.1152/jn.01147.2003. Among the mechanisms that may result in modulation of the stretch reflex by the recent history of muscle contraction is the history dependence observed under some conditions in the response properties of muscle spindles. The present study was designed to test one report that in successive trials of muscle stretch-release, spindle afferent firing during stretch, i.e., the dynamic response shows no history dependence beyond the initial burst of firing at stretch onset. Firing responses of spindle afferents were recorded during sets of three consecutive trials of triangular stretch-release applied to triceps surae muscles in barbiturate-anesthetized rats. All 69 spindle afferents fired more action potentials (spikes) during the dynamic response of the first trial, excluding the initial burst, than in the following two trials. The reduced dynamic response (RDR) was nearly complete after trial 1 and amounted to an average of ϳ12 fewer spikes (16 pps slower firing rate) in trial 3 than in trial 1. RDR was sensitive to the interval between stretch sets but independent of stretch velocity (4 -32 mm/s). RDR was reflected in the synaptic potentials recorded intracellularly from 16 triceps surae ␣-motoneurons: depolarization during muscle stretch was appreciably reduced after trial 1. These findings demonstrate history dependence of spindle afferent responses that extends throughout the dynamic response in successive muscle stretches and that is synaptically transmitted to motoneurons with the probable effect, unless otherwise compensated, of modulating the stretch reflex.

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Sensori-Sensory Afferent Conditioning With Leg Movement: Gain Control in Spinal Reflex and Ascending Paths

Cited by 223 publications

References 145 publications

Modulation of cutaneous reflexes by load receptor input during human walking

Modulation of cutaneous reflexes by load receptor input during human walking

Serotonin Affects Movement Gain Control in the Spinal Cord

Movement Reduces the Dynamic Response of Muscle Spindle Afferents and Motoneuron Synaptic Potentials in Rat

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