ERK plays an important role in chronic neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that in chronic constriction injury-treated rat spinal cords, up-regulation of SIP30 (SNAP25-interacting protein 30), which is involved in the development and maintenance of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain, correlates with ERK activation and that the up-regulation of SIP30 is suppressed by intrathecal delivery of the MEK inhibitor U0126. In PC12 cells, up-regulation of SIP30 by nerve growth factor is also dependent on ERK activation. We found that there is an ERK-responsive region in the rat sip30 promoter. Activation of ERK promotes the recruitment of the transcription factor cyclic AMP-response element-binding protein to the sip30 gene promoter. Taken together, our results provide a potential downstream target of ERK activation-mediated neuropathic pain.Neuropathic pain is a chronic painful condition due to nerve injury caused by trauma, disease, or surgical accidents. This kind of chronic pain brings severe distress, which disrupts the quality of life. There is a lack of effective treatment for neuropathic pain, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Recently, attention has been focused on the central sensitization of spinal dorsal horn neurons, which are responsible for the modulation of neuropathic pain transmission. Central sensitization is a consequence of increased neuron excitability (1, 2). It has been shown that MAPKs 4 play a critical role in this sensitization and are responsible for the transduction of nociceptive signals (3). MAPKs are activated in the damaged neurons, and their inhibition can suppress or reverse neuropathic pain (4 -9). In various pain models, ERK, a member of the MAPK family, is specifically activated in the superficial dorsal horn neurons by noxious but not innocuous stimulation. Inhibition of ERK activation alleviates pain hypersensitivity, indicating that ERK may play an important role in neuropathic pain (10 -17). ERK appears to regulate pain hypersensitivity in various aspects. It produces not only short term functional changes by post-translational processes, such as phosphorylation of membrane receptors and channels, but also long term adaptive alterations by changing gene expression (10,12,18,19). Neuropathic pain is a chronic painful situation. It is believed that the long term gene expression regulated by ERK in the spinal cord plays a central role in the development of the disease (14). Thus, understanding of the molecular mechanism by which ERK regulates neuropathic pain is important to understand the pathology of central sensitization.SIP30 (SNAP25-interacting protein 30) was first reported as a SNAP25-interacting protein of 30 kDa that functioned in vesicle trafficking (20). Through a differential screening of a rat brain cDNA library, we found that sip30 was among the genes that were differentially expressed in the spinal cord CCI rats (21). We further showed that sip30 mRNA and protein levels were up-regulate...