Sensitization of Guinea Pigs to Chromium Salts*

Gross, Paul R.; Katz, Sidney A.; Samitz, M. H.

doi:10.1038/jid.1968.69

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As regards to Cr(III), 2 guinea-pig maximization studies, using non-standard methods, consistently showed that the use of Cr(III) for both induction and elicitation gave a lower rate of sensitization than when using Cr(VI) (20,30). Varying degrees of cross-reaction, that is inducing with one compound and challenging with the other, were reported in both studies.…”

Section: The Skin Sensitization Potential Of Chromium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Hansen

Rydin²,

Menné

et al. 2002

Contact Dermatitis

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The potential of trivalent and hexavalent chromium to induce and elicit allergic contact dermatitis and the degree of chromium exposure from leather products are reviewed. Chromium dermatitis is often due to exposure in the occupational environment, with cement being one of the most common chromium sources. However, consumer products such as chromium(III)‐tanned leather products are also an important source of chromium exposure. Apart from Cr(III), which is used for tanning, leather often also contains trace amounts of Cr(VI), which is formed by oxidation of Cr(III) during the tanning process. In a recent study of the Cr(VI) content of leather products bought on the Danish market, 35% of such articles had a Cr(VI) content above the detection limit of 3 p.p.m., ranging from 3.6 p.p.m. to 14.7 p.p.m. Leachable Cr(III) was detected at levels of 430–980 p.p.m. An examination of available dose–response studies showed that exposure to occluded patch test concentrations of 7–45 p.p.m. Cr(VI) elicits a reaction in 10% of the chromium‐sensitive patients. When reviewing repeated open exposure studies, it is seen that either exposure to 5 p.p.m. Cr(VI) in the presence of 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or exposure to 10 p.p.m. Cr(VI) alone both elicit eczema in chromium‐sensitive patients. The eliciting capacity of Cr(III) has not been systematically investigated but, compared to Cr(VI), much higher concentrations are needed to elicit eczema.

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Section: The Skin Sensitization Potential Of Chromium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Hansen

Rydin²,

Menné

et al. 2002

Contact Dermatitis

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“…Possibly, this inorganic metallic sensitizer differs in such a way from the organic compounds used in our experiments, that neither a blockage of suppressor function nor a local release of lymphokines enhances prolifer ation of effector cells. Sensitization to Cr is known to be difficult [Hunziker, 1969;G ross et al, 1968] and dependent on genetic control [Po lar et al, 1968], In contrast to Cr, FA, which gives comparable sensiti zation rates in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test [Magnusson and Kligm an, 1970], was found to give good skin reactions when potentiated by CY and a DTH reaction (fig. 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Contact Sensitization and Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions on Immune Responses to Non-Related Antigens

Scheper¹,

Blomberg²,

Velzen³

et al. 1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Guinea pigs were immunized intracutaneously into the ears with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Application of a sensitizing dose of the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) onto the same ears was shown to suppress or enhance the humoral response to SRBC depending on the time of application. When guinea pigs were sensitized to a contact allergen, application of a sensitizing dose of a non-related allergen on the same ears either had no effect or caused a clear enhancement of the development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Strongest enhancement was found when both sensitizations were performed on the same day. Further experiments on the effects of a concomitant DTH reaction elicited at the site of application of a contact allergen showed a strong potentiation of DTH when B-cell suppression was minimized by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY). It was considered that CY-DTH-immunopotentiation might be a useful tool for achieving a higher level of sensitivity after epicutaneous sensitization.

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“…Two methods [5,14] using intradermal injection challenges, gave no significant indication. However, the method of Polak et al [17] gave a positive indication for nickel and cobalt and the maximization test gave strong indications for both salts.…”

Section: Test Compound Test Methods and Challenging Route Maximisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, patch or painting application to skin in challenging procedures used parti cles. In addition, the methods of Polak et al [17] and Gross et al [5] allowed the in tradermal administration of soluble prod ucts leached from welding fume samples. The results show that significant hypersensi tivity to some component was induced by MIG welding material when applied by each …”

Section: Test Compound Test Methods and Challenging Route Maximisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Experimental Induction of Hypersensitivity in the Guinea Pig by Material Containing Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt from Arc Welding Fumes

Hicks¹,

Hewitt²,

Lam³

1979

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Sensitization of Guinea Pigs to Chromium Salts*

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Quantitative aspects of contact allergy to chromium and exposure to chrome‐tanned leather

Effects of Contact Sensitization and Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions on Immune Responses to Non-Related Antigens

An Investigation of the Experimental Induction of Hypersensitivity in the Guinea Pig by Material Containing Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt from Arc Welding Fumes

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