Sensitivity of Sexual Victimization Estimates to Definitional and Measurement Decisions

Krebs, Christopher; Lindquist, Christine; Planty, Michael; Langton, Lynn; Berzofsky, Marcus; Asefnia, Nakisa; Griggs, Ashley Kate; Shook-Sa, Bonnie; Enders, Kimberly

doi:10.1177/0886260517744190

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The study findings are likely generalizable to any North American university campus, particularly because our sample across three universities of different sizes and characteristics was more demographically diverse than the samples represented in most intervention research in this field (for an exception, see Krebs et al, 2016). We do not know whether EAAA would have similar effects for less privileged young women who do not attend university, although we have some preliminary data suggesting it may be appropriate for younger girls (Senn, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The alarming rates of campus sexual assault were first documented nearly 30 years ago (in Canada: DeKeseredy & Kelly, 1993; in the United States: Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987), and these rates have not changed (e.g., Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000; Krebs et al, 2016; Krebs, Lindquist, Warner, Fisher, & Martin, 2009). Male acquaintances perpetrate the vast majority of these attacks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

Senn

Eliasziw

Hobden

et al. 2017

Psychology of Women Quarterly

122

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We report the secondary outcomes and longevity of efficacy from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated a novel sexual assault resistance program designed for first-year women university students. Participants (N = 893) were randomly assigned to receive the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act (EAAA) program or a selection of brochures (control). Perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and rape myth acceptance was assessed at baseline; 1-week postintervention; and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month postrandomization. Risk detection was assessed at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Sexual assault experience and knowledge of effective resistance strategies were assessed at all follow-ups. The EAAA program produced significant increases in women’s perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and knowledge of effective (forceful verbal and physical) resistance strategies; the program also produced decreases in general rape myth acceptance and woman blaming over the entire 24-month follow-up period. Risk detection was significantly improved for the intervention group at post-test. The program significantly reduced the risk of completed and attempted rape, attempted coercion, and nonconsensual sexual contact over the entire follow-up period, yielding reductions between 30% and 64% at 2 years. The EAAA program produces long-lasting changes in secondary outcomes and in the incidence of sexual assault experienced by women students. Universities can reduce the harm and the negative health consequences that young women experience as a result of campus sexual assault by implementing this program. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

Senn

Eliasziw

Hobden

et al. 2017

Psychology of Women Quarterly

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This questionnaire included cues regarding sexual behavior (e.g., I put my penis in someone's vagina) as well as sexual tactics (e.g., I used physical force: Krahé et al, 2016;Krahé & Vanwesenbeeck, 2015). For more on one-stage vs. two-stage strategies see Krebs et al, 2017. Also supporting the hypothesis that the findings of Krebs et al (2007) could be an underestimate, Strang and Peterson (2017)'s work demonstrated that unintentional underreporting related to misinterpretation of items is as likely a source of error as intentional underreporting. In other words, respondents are equally likely to underreport because they do not understand an item as they are to underreport because they want to provide a socially desirable response.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Sexual Violence Perpetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Sexual Perpetration in College Men: A Systematic Review of Reported Prevalence Rates From 2000 to 2017

Anderson

Silver

Ciampaglia

et al. 2019

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Background: The prevalence of sexual perpetration in college men is unknown. Prior reviews of sexual violence prevalence rates have produced wide-ranging estimates, likely due to wide variation in measurement strategies. Objectives: This article systematically reviewed research findings (from 2000 to 2017) regarding prevalence rates of sexual perpetration in college men and measurement strategies. Data Sources: PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Eligibility Criteria: Empirical reports published between 2000 and 2017 that included male participants, available in English, and reported lifetime prevalence findings in Canadian or American college students. Participants: Data from 78 independent samples including 25,524 college men. Results: The average prevalence rate of any sexual perpetration was 29.3% ( SD = 16.8), and the average rate of rape was 6.5% ( SD = 6.3). Studies that used non-Sexual Experiences Survey (SES)–based questionnaires recorded higher prevalence rates (41.5%) than SES-using studies (26.2%). At least 16 different sexual perpetration questionnaires were identified. Modifying standardized questionnaires was extremely common; this was reported in over half of the studies. Studies using modified standardized questionnaires found higher prevalence rates of sexual perpetration than studies using nonmodified standardized questionnaires. Limitations: This report focused exclusively on college men in the United States and Canada. Conclusions and Implications: On average, 29% of college males report engaging in behaviors defined as sexual perpetration; however, there was a strong influence of measurement strategy on reported rates.

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“…As noted by Muehlenhard et al (2017), recent multicampus climate surveys have demonstrated dramatic differences in prevalence rates between institutions. In two such studies conducted by the American Association of Universities (Cantor, Fisher, & Chibnall, 2015) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (C. Krebs et al, 2016), prevalence rates ranged from 13% to 30% and from 4.2% to 20%, respectively, between campuses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Widening the Lens: An Ecological Review of Campus Sexual Assault

Moylan

Javorka

2018

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

106

141

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Varying prevalence rates of sexual violence across colleges and universities indicate the need to understand institutional factors underlying such variation; however, research often focuses exclusively on individual risk and protective factors, which both under theorizes and under explains the phenomenon of campus sexual assault. In this review, we propose that broadening to include campus- and contextual-level factors is necessary to fully explain campus sexual assault. Using an ecological approach, we identify and synthesize research related to campus-level variation in sexual violence, including availability of campus services and resources for survivors, institutional risk factors such as alcohol and party culture, athletics, and fraternities, and the impact of policies at the state and federal levels. Suggestions are made for conducting additional research at the campus level and implications of reframing campus sexual assault from an institutional lens are discussed, including the importance of this approach for practice, evaluation, and policy.

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Sensitivity of Sexual Victimization Estimates to Definitional and Measurement Decisions

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

The Frequency of Sexual Perpetration in College Men: A Systematic Review of Reported Prevalence Rates From 2000 to 2017

Widening the Lens: An Ecological Review of Campus Sexual Assault

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