Sensitivity of Induced Seismic Sequences to Rate‐and‐State Frictional Processes

Kroll, K.; Richards‐Dinger, K. B.; Dieterich, James H.

doi:10.1002/2017jb014841

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…It is therefore better suited to explain features of the earthquake cycle. Various models based on the rate‐ and state‐dependent friction have been developed, like a multidegree of freedom spring‐slider system by Turuntaev and Riga (), a homogeneous rate‐weakening fault by Kroll et al () and McClure and Horne (), or based on the seismicity rate model proposed by Dietrich () as Segall and Lu (), Barbour et al () and Chang et al (). But these models either have not fully explored the role of injection history or considered simplified stress interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault

et al. 2019

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Injection of fluids into underground formations reactivates preexisting faults and modifies the seismic hazard, as demonstrated by the 2011 Mw 5.7 and the 2016 Mw 5.8 earthquakes in Oklahoma. Currently, the effect of injection remains poorly understood. We model the seismicity triggered by a fluid flowing inside a Dietrich‐Ruina heterogeneous 2‐D fault, which can generate irregular sequences of events with magnitudes obeying Gutenberg Richter distribution. We consider a punctual injection scenario where injection pressure increases at a constant rate until a maximum pressure is reached and kept constant. We show that such a fluid injection leads to a sharp increase in the seismicity rate, which correlates with the time series of the pore pressure rate, for a wide range of injection pressure. Increasing the final pressure leads to an increase in the amplitude and the duration of the seismicity rate perturbation but also to a decrease in the frequency of large‐magnitude events. The maximum seismicity rate during the sequence also increases with the injection pressure rate, as long as a pressure‐rate threshold is not exceeded. Beyond it, the effect of increasing the injection rate is to make large‐magnitude earthquakes more frequent. While the total number of induced earthquakes is essentially controlled by the maximum pressure, the total seismic moment liberated increases with both the maximum pressure and the pressure rate. The comparison of our model to Dietrich's (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02581) model shows the important trade‐off existing between seismicity rate perturbations and magnitude content variations of fluid induced seismicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault

et al. 2019

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“…Earthquake triggering by fluid migration has been observed in both natural and induced sequences (e.g., Parotidis et al, 2005;Ross, Rollins, et al, 2017;Shelly et al, 2016), where erosion in fault strength occurs as pore fluid pressures rise and reduce the effective normal stress (Byerlee, 1993;Sibson, 1992). Spatiotemporal correlations between seismicity and high-volume wastewater injection (Healy et al, 1968;Keranen et al, 2013;Walsh & Zoback, 2015) suggest that pore fluid pressure increases resulting from injection can cause slip on basement faults (Kroll et al, 2017;Nicholson & Wesson, 1990;Rayleigh et al, 1976;Talwani et al, 2007;Wang, 2000;Zoback, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Earthquake Families Reveal Distinctive Evolutionary Patterns Near Disposal Wells

et al. 2018

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The timing of events in seismic sequences can provide insights into the physical processes controlling fault slip. In southern Kansas, the rate of earthquakes rose rapidly starting in 2013 following expansion of energy production into the area, demanding the disposal of large volumes of wastewater into deep wells. Seismicity catalogs that are complete to low magnitudes can provide insights into the physical processes that induce seismicity near wastewater disposal. We develop a catalog of over 130,000 earthquakes recorded in southern Kansas from mid‐March 2014 through December 2017 by applying a matched filter algorithm to an original catalog of 5,831 template earthquakes. Detections have nearly identical waveforms to their associated template event and represent slip on nearly co‐located sections of a fault. We select template events with at least 100 associated detections and examine the characteristics of these prolific families of earthquakes. We find that families located close (<10 km) to areas with significant volumes of injected fluids have near‐Poissonian interevent times and the families remain active over longer durations. Families farther from high‐volume injection wells show strong clustering of interevent times and shorter sequence durations. We conclude that increasing pore fluid pressures from nearby disposal of large volumes of wastewater is the primary driver of these long duration episodes, with earthquake‐earthquake interactions driving sequences at greater distance from the wells.

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“…Empirical relations between the state parameter θ and porosity have also been proposed (Segall and Rice, 1995;Sleep, 2005) and used in hydro-mechanical modelling (Jeanne et al, 2018), but these relations are typically not employed as additional constraints of the RSF constitutive parameters. Moreover, relations between the steady-state coefficient of friction (and its velocity dependence) have been established based on energy balance considerations (Beeler et al, 1996;Marone et al, 1990). Since these relations pertain to the steady-state coefficient of friction, they do not apply to non-steady-state conditions (for which dV /dt = 0 and dφ/dt = 0) and do not offer additional insight on the relationship between θ and φ.…”

Section: Comparison With Rate-and-state Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting microphysical fault friction parameters from laboratory and field injection experiments

Ende¹,

Scuderi²,

Cappa³

et al. 2020

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Human subsurface activities induce significant hazard by (re-)activating slip on faults, which are ubiquitous in geological reservoirs. Laboratory and field (decametric-scale) fluid injection experiments provide insights into the response of faults subjected to fluid pressure perturbations, but assessing the long-term stability of fault slip remains challenging. Numerical models offer means to investigate a range of fluid injection scenarios and fault zone complexities and require frictional parameters (and their uncertainties) constrained by experiments as an input. In this contribution, we propose a robust approach to extract relevant microphysical parameters that govern the deformation behaviour of laboratory samples. We apply this Bayesian approach to the fluid injection experiment of Cappa et al. (2019) and examine the uncertainties and trade-offs between parameters. We then continue to analyse the field injection experiment reported by Cappa et al. (2019), from which we conclude that the fault-normal displacement is much larger than expected from the adopted microphysical model (the Chen–Niemeijer–Spiers model), indicating that fault structure and poro-elastic effects dominate the observed signal. This demonstrates the importance of using a microphysical model with physically meaningful constitutive parameters, as it clearly delineates scenarios where additional mechanisms need to be considered.

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Sensitivity of Induced Seismic Sequences to Rate‐and‐State Frictional Processes

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault

Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault

Induced Earthquake Families Reveal Distinctive Evolutionary Patterns Near Disposal Wells

Extracting microphysical fault friction parameters from laboratory and field injection experiments

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