Sensitivity of different correlation measures to print-and-scan process

Tkachenko, Iuliia; Destruel, Christophe; Strauss, Olivier; Puech, William

doi:10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.7.mwsf-335

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The opponent can perform histogram equalization or application of sharpen enhancement of printed and scanned CSGC. These basic image processing techniques can improve the quality of CSGC, but the naive use of image processing techniques [23] cannot help to create good quality counterfeits and thus cannot fool the authentication test. The authors in [7] propose the so-called "smart" attack: (a) an attacker may try to estimate the original CDP pixels utilizing inverse print-and-scan model; (b) then, s/he can generate genuine-like CDPs and copy CDP protected documents safely.…”

Section: Smart Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Copy-sensitive Codes Using a Neural Approach

Yadav

Tkachenko

Trémeau

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security

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Copy sensitive graphical codes are used as anti-counterfeiting solution in packaging and document protection. Their security is funded on a design hard-to-predict after print and scan. In practice there exist different designs. Here random codes printed at the printer resolution are considered. We suggest an estimation of such codes by using neural networks, an in-trend approach which has however not been studied yet in the present context. In this paper, we test a state-of-the-art architecture efficient in the binarization of handwritten characters. The results show that such an approach can be successfully used by an attacker to provide a valid counterfeited code so fool an authentication system. CCS CONCEPTS • Security and privacy → Authentication; • Computing methodologies → Neural networks.

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Section: Smart Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Copy-sensitive Codes Using a Neural Approach

Yadav

Tkachenko

Trémeau

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security

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“…If the authentication test has a positive result, the scanned document is considered as authentic. The authentication process of 2LQR code is based on correlation values [10] and a pre-calculated authentication threshold.…”

Section: Authentication System Based On Copy Sensitive Graphical Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, cor n ) ≥ T h). The studied duplication and naive attacks [7,10] show the problems of authentication process. The correlation values of several authentic codes are quite small and thus leads sometimes to its rejection.…”

Section: Authentication System Based On Copy Sensitive Graphical Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copy Sensitive Graphical Code Quality Improvement Using a Super-Resolution Technique

Tkachenko

Kucharczakr

Destruel

et al. 2018

2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

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The authentication of printed documents is an important problem these days. Numerous authentication techniques have been proposed in the relevant literature. One of the most promising solutions uses copy-sensitive graphical codes made of particular patterns. The two Level QR (2LQR) code uses specific textured patterns in order to ensure the sensitivity to duplication process. The authentication test of this code is based on comparing the correlation values between the original and the printed-and-scanned codes with a predetermined threshold. The weakest feature of this technique is the rejection of authentic codes due to the small gap between correlation values for authentic and duplicated code. In this paper, we propose to reduce the number of false-negative results of the authentication test by using a very competitive Super-Resolution (SR) technique. The experimental results show the significant improvement of correlation values when using the images printed-and-scanned once, without increasing the correlation values of duplicated codes. Therefore, the 2LQR code copy sensitivity is not affected by the suggested quality improvement process.

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“…Then in [8,9] the dark modules of QR code are replaced with patters to form a new textured image called two-level QR (2LQR) code. The 2LQR code is one of the most promising solutions thanks to low-cost generation and easy integration [10]. The patterns in 2LQR codes are sensitive to print-and-scan (P&S) process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage textured-patterns embedded QR codes for printed matter authentication

Xie¹,

Zhong²,

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The popular use of high quality printing and scanning equipment makes it easier to counterfeit important printed matter, such as important document, anti-counterfeit label on merchandise, packaging, etc. Previously, methods such as textured image, two-level quick response (2LQR) code, fractional-order spatial steganography, etc., have been used for printed matter authentication. In this paper, a simplified model is proposed to analyze the variation of the correlation of textured-patterns (hereinafter called patterns) after the print-and-scan (P&S) process, which gives accurate mathematical descriptions of the information loss during P&S processes. Based on previous theoretical results, we propose the two-stage textured-patterns embedded QR (2SQR) codes for printed matter authentication, which are based on 2LQR codes and sensitive to P&S process. In the generation process, the stage two (S2) patterns are introduced, which are the corresponding P&S version of the textures in the 2LQR codes, i.e., stage one (S1) patterns. Then part of the S1 patterns in 2LQR codes are replaced with the corresponding S2 patterns, resulting in the 2SQR codes. In the authentication process, the 2SQR indicator is used to eliminates the need for the original image, which eliminates the storage and retrieval process of the original images. Experiments show that, compared with the 2LQR codes, the 2SQR codes significantly improve the performance in distinguishing the authentic codes and their copied version.

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Sensitivity of different correlation measures to print-and-scan process

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of Copy-sensitive Codes Using a Neural Approach

Estimation of Copy-sensitive Codes Using a Neural Approach

Copy Sensitive Graphical Code Quality Improvement Using a Super-Resolution Technique

Two-stage textured-patterns embedded QR codes for printed matter authentication

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