Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART‐3 chemical transport model

Kinnison, Douglas E.; Brasseur, Guy; Walters, Stacy; García, Rolando R.; Marsh, Daniel R.; Sassi, Fabrizio; Harvey, V. Lynn; Randall, C. E.; Emmons, L. K.; Lamarque, J. F.; Hess, Peter; Orlando, John J.; Tie, Xuexi; Randel, William J.; Pan, Laura L.; Gettelman, Andrew; Granier, Claire; Diehl, Thomas; Niemeier, Ulrike; Simmons, A. J.

doi:10.1029/2006jd007879

Cited by 450 publications

(460 citation statements)

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“…Gas species (e.g., O 3 , HNO 3 , and H 2 O) are specified based upon the latitude and time-of-year-dependent MOZART (Modeling of Ozone and Related chemical Tracers) climatology, since inclusion of retrieved gas mixing profiles directly into the cloud/ aerosol extinction retrievals awaits further improvements in the accuracy of the HIRDLS radiance profiles. MOZART is a 3-D chemical transport model [Kinnison et al, 2007] that is used for the a priori gas mixing ratio fields and the initial guess in the HIRDLS retrieval. A single midlatitude SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) aerosol extinction profile is used to specify the cloud/aerosol a priori.…”

Section: Retrieval Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations of polar stratospheric clouds and subvisible cirrus

et al. 2007

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Section: Retrieval Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations of polar stratospheric clouds and subvisible cirrus

et al. 2007

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“…For this study the model is integrated with a horizontal resolution of 1.9 • latitude × 2.5 • longitude and 66 levels in the vertical. CESM1(WACCM) contains a middle-atmosphere chemistry module based on the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART3; Kinnison et al, 2007). It contains all members of the O x , NO x , HO x , ClO x , and BrO x chemical groups as well as tropospheric source species N 2 O, H 2 O, and CH 4 as well as CFCs and other halogen components (59 species and 217 gas-phase chemical reactions in total).…”

Section: Chemistry-climate Model Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely total solar irradiance (TSI), solar spectral irradiance (SSI), and the F10.7 index as well as particle forcing, including geomagnetic indices Ap and Kp, and ionization rates to account for effects of solar protons, electrons, and galactic cosmic rays. This is the first time that a recommendation for solar-driven particle forcing has been provided for a CMIP exercise. The solar forcing datasets are provided at daily and monthly resolution separately for the CMIP6 preindustrial control, historical (1850CMIP6 preindustrial control, historical ( -2014, and future (2015-2300) simulations. For the preindustrial control simulation, both constant and time-varying solar forcing components are provided, with the latter including variability on 11-year and shorter timescales but no long-term changes. For the future, we provide a realistic scenario of what solar behavior could be, as well as an additional extreme Maunderminimum-like sensitivity scenario. This paper describes the forcing datasets and also provides detailed recommendations as to their implementation in current climate models.For the historical simulations, the TSI and SSI time series are defined as the average of two solar irradiance models that are adapted to CMIP6 needs: an empirical onePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. A new and lower TSI value is recommended: the contemporary solar-cycle average is now 1361.0 W m −2 . The slight negative trend in TSI over the three most recent solar cycles in the CMIP6 dataset leads to only a small global radiative forcing of −0.04 W m −2 . In the 200-400 nm wavelength range, which is important for ozone photochemistry, the CMIP6 solar forcing dataset shows a larger solar-cycle variability contribution to TSI than in CMIP5 (50 % compared to 35 %).We compare the climatic effects of the CMIP6 solar forcing dataset to its CMIP5 predecessor by using timeslice experiments of two chemistry-climate models and a reference radiative transfer model. The differences in the long-term mean SSI in the CMIP6 dataset, compared to CMIP5, impact on climatological stratospheric conditions (lower shortwave heating rates of −0.35 K day −1 at the stratopause), cooler stratospheric temperatures (−1.5 K in the upper stratosphere), lower ozone abundances in the lower stratosphere (−3 %), and higher ozone abundances (+1.5 % in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere). Between the maximum and minimum phases of the 11-year solar cycle, there is an increase in shortwave heating rates (+0.2 K day −1 at the stratopause), temperatures (∼ 1 K at the stratopause), and ozone (+2.5 % in the upper stratosphere) in the tropical upper stratosphere using the CMIP6 forcing dataset. This solar-cycle response is slightly larger, but not statistically significantly different from that for the CMIP5 forcing dataset.CMIP6 models wi...

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“…[13] Stratospheric NOx, HNO 3 , and CO concentrations are supplied as 3-D monthly means from simulations of the MOZART-3 model [Kinnison et al, 2007]. Stratospheric O 3 concentrations are prescribed as monthly mean zonal climatologies derived from observations [Logan, 1999;Randel et al, 1998].…”

Section: Tropospheric Chemistry Module Mozmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

et al. 2008

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[1] In this paper, we introduce the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model that includes fully interactive simulations of Ox-NOx-hydrocarbons chemistry and of aerosol microphysics (including prognostic size distribution and mixing state of aerosols) implemented in the General Circulation Model ECHAM5. The photolysis rates used in the gas chemistry account for aerosol and cloud distributions and a comprehensive set of heterogeneous reactions is implemented. The model is evaluated with trace gas and aerosol observations provided by the TRACE-P aircraft experiment. Sulfate concentrations are well captured but black carbon concentrations are underestimated. The number concentrations, surface areas, and optical properties are reproduced fairly well near the surface but underestimated in the upper troposphere. CO concentrations are well reproduced in general while O 3 concentrations are overestimated by 10-20 ppbv. We find that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the regional and global distributions of a number of key trace gases. Heterogeneous reactions reduce the ozone surface concentrations by 18-23% over the TRACE-P region and the global annual mean O 3 burden by 7%. The annual global mean OH concentration decreases by 10% inducing a 7% increase in the global CO burden. Annual global mean HNO 3 surface concentration decreases by 15% because of heterogenous reaction on mineral dust. A comparison of our results to those from previous studies suggests that the choice of uptake coefficients for a given species is the critical parameter that determines the global impact of heterogeneous chemistry on a trace gas (rather than the description of aerosol properties and distributions). A prognostic description of the size distribution and mixing state of the aerosols is important, however, to account for the effect of heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols as further discussed in the second part of this two-part series.Citation: Pozzoli, L., I. Bey, S. Rast, M. G. Schultz, P. Stier, and J. Feichter (2008), Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment,

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Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART‐3 chemical transport model

Cited by 450 publications

References 75 publications

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations of polar stratospheric clouds and subvisible cirrus

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations of polar stratospheric clouds and subvisible cirrus

Solar forcing for CMIP6 (v3.2)

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

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