Sensitivity Assessment of Varieties, Effectiveness of Weed Control by Selected Herbicides, and Infection of the Fusarium in Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivation

Abstract

The amount of maize yield depends on many factors. Among them, plant health plays a significant role. Herbicide selectivity (of mesotrione, 2,4-D, and bromoxynil) for different maize varieties was assessed in greenhouse experiments. The effectiveness of herbicides (MCPA, 2,4-D + dicamba) and spraying mixture of the herbicide MCPA with mepiquat chloride was tested on Chenopodium album L. and self-seeding winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The genetic distance between selected maize varieties and species composition of pathogens of the genus Fusarium isolated from the seeds of the discussed crop were examined. Research results indicated that individual herbicides differed in the selectivity in relation to maize, which depended on the crop variety. The selected herbicides showed high efficacy against the plants used in the experiment. The addition of mepiquat chloride to the composition of the spraying liquid did not affect the level of weed control. No relationship was found between the genetic distance of maize varieties and their sensitivity to selected herbicides. The presence of Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium verticillioides was found in the samples of maize varieties.

Glufosinate, nicosulfuron and combinations in the performance of maize hybrids with the pat gene

“…The literature shows varying responses to the application of mesotrione and/or nicosulfuron in maize, whether individually or combined with glyphosate, atrazine, tembotrione and others, with or without symptoms of injury to the plants, but with no impact on the production components or yield (CAVALIERI et al, 2008;GIRALDELI et al 2019;JAGŁA et al, 2020;RICHBURG et al, 2020). As seen in the present study, even combining glufosinate and mesotrione can cause injury of up to 20% in maize plants (ARMEL et al, 2008) with no reduction in yield.…”

Seletividade de associações herbicidas aplicadas em pós-emergência do milho cultivado em segunda safra

“…É oportuno destacar que este resultado pode estar relacionado ao fato de que todas as doses em que os herbicidas foram avaliados no presente trabalho estarem dentro do intervalo de registro dos produtos comerciais utilizados (MAPA, 2023), fato que implica em uma menor possibilidade de se observar níveis elevados de intoxicação. Ademais, dentro dos programas de melhoramento de milho existentes, um dos screening que estão sendo realizados refere -se a não liberação comercial de materiais genéticos com alta sensibilidade aos herbicidas comumente utilizados em híbridos convencionais (Jagła et al, 2020). Neste sentido, infere-se que a boa tolerância apresentada pelo híbrido P3898 aos herbicidas nicosulfuron, mesotrione e atrazine esteja relacionada às características genéticas do material.…”

Influence of different sowing density in two varieties of maize. Part II. Relation to agricultural morphological features

“…The proper growth and development of maize requires appropriate agricultural practices, which should ensure the maximum productivity of photosynthesis during the period of intensive growth, contributing to obtaining high, goodquality yields (Zielewicz et al 2021). Agricultural factors such as nitrogen fertilization (Szulc et al 2020a), magnesium application, plant density and pesticides (Jagła et al 2020) can significantly limit the normal course of photosynthesis. Nitrogen deficit in the soil also reduces crop productivity because the assimilation area is reduced.…”