Sensitivity and Specificity of the Extended Scale for Dementia

Lau, Catherine; Wands, Kim; Merskey, Harold; Boniferro, Mary; Carriere, Lucy; Fox, Hannah; Hachinski, Vladimir

doi:10.1001/archneur.1988.00520320035012

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Modifications of the Mattis scale included additional items to expand the range of content and the use of additional scoring options in items to increase the range of scores, leading to a range of possible scores from 0 to 250. It has demonstrated its reliability and validity in clinical populations [23,24]. The maximum scores is 250 with a minimum of 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Helmes

Bowler²,

Merskey³

et al. 2003

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Increased interest in types of dementia has developed as more cases are identified in aging populations. Here we compare the rates of cognitive decline over time in three groups with dementia from the University of Western Ontario Dementia Study: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies and a group with both AD and Lewy bodies. All diagnoses were verified by autopsy using standard diagnostic methods. Cognitive impairment was measured with the Extended Scale for Dementia (ESD). Members of each group with dementia were age and sex matched with individuals without dementia as controls. The 15 cases of AD, 7 cases with Lewy bodies and 8 cases with both conditions were all free of significant vascular disease. Linear regression was used to determine the rate of changes in ESD scores over time in months. All three control groups showed no change in cognitive status over time. As expected, all groups with dementia showed progressive cognitive impairment. Analysis of the slope parameter showed that all groups deteriorated at the same rate of approximately 2 ESD points per month. Quadratic models fit better than simple linear models in all groups. Results suggest that the final rate of cognitive decline in dementia may not necessarily reflect the underlying cause.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Helmes

Bowler²,

Merskey³

et al. 2003

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…28 Only patients with AD scoring 150 or more on the ESD were included. 24 Thus, this sample constitutes early cases and others whose dementia was definitive, but only of moderate severity.29…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Difference in Brain Hyperintensities Between Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease and Control Subjects

Erkinjuntti¹,

Gao²,

Lee³

et al. 1994

Archives of Neurology

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114

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“…All patients and controls were tested with the ESD, 22 which has a sensitivity of 93% 23 . Only those patients who were considered able to complete the questionnaire with minimal difficulty and who scored above 170 on the ESD were given the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) to complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Questionnaire Investigation of Anxiety and Depression in Early Dementia

Wands

Merskey

Hachinski

et al. 1990

J American Geriatrics Society

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We report findings on a study of anxiety and depression by questionnaire in 50 patients with mild dementia and 134 control subjects using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Thirty-eight percent of patients and 9% of controls had a possible or probable diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Possible or probable depression was found in 28% of the patients and 3% of the controls. These rates for the patients were above those in normal populations. All patients and control subjects were tested with the Extended Scale for Dementia (ESD). Neither group showed a significant relationship between depression and ESD scores. In the control subjects there was a negative correlation (P less than .006) between anxiety and cognitive scores, one that was not found in the patients.

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Sensitivity and Specificity of the Extended Scale for Dementia

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Rates of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Rates of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Lack of Difference in Brain Hyperintensities Between Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease and Control Subjects

A Questionnaire Investigation of Anxiety and Depression in Early Dementia

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