Sensitivity Analysis of Single-Drive, 3-axis MEMS Gyroscope Using COMSOL Multiphysics

Din, Hussamud; Iqbal, Faisal; Lee, Byeungleul

doi:10.3390/mi11121030

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These specific conditions, which align with the drug release profile, will be further evaluated in the context of nanoparticle drug release. 61 The comprehensive analysis of the factors derived from the overall model in COMSOL is presented in Fig. S2, which also illustrates the finite element method (FEM) triangular mesh of the computational model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma

Desmond,

Margini,

Barchiesi

et al. 2024

APL Bioengineering

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Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare form of primary bone cancer, impacting approximately 3.4 × 106 individuals worldwide each year, primarily afflicting children. Given the limitations of existing cancer therapies, the emergence of nanotheranostic platforms has generated considerable research interest in recent decades. These platforms seamlessly integrate therapeutic potential of drug compounds with the diagnostic capabilities of imaging probes within a single construct. This innovation has opened avenues for enhanced drug delivery to targeted sites while concurrently enabling real-time monitoring of the vehicle's trajectory. In this study, we developed a nanotheranostic system employing the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique on a core containing doxorubicin (DOXO) and in-house synthesized carbon quantum dots. By utilizing chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as polyelectrolytes, we constructed a multilayered coating to encapsulate DOXO and docetaxel, achieving a coordinated co-delivery of both drugs. The LbL-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited an approximate size of 150 nm, manifesting a predominantly uniform and spherical morphology, with an encapsulation efficiency of 48% for both drugs. The presence of seven layers in these systems facilitated controlled drug release over time, as evidenced by in vitro release tests. Finally, the impact of the LbL-functionalized nanoparticles was evaluated on U2OS and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. The synergistic effect of the two drugs was found to be crucial in inducing cell death, particularly in Saos-2 cells treated with nanoparticles at concentrations higher than 10 μg/ml. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the internalization of the nanoparticles into both cell types through endocytic mechanisms, revealing an underlying mechanism of necrosis-induced cell death.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma

Desmond,

Margini,

Barchiesi

et al. 2024

APL Bioengineering

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show abstract

“…The proposed design approach for estimating and reducing the cross-axis sensitivity of a single-drive multi-axis MEMS gyroscope was based on a previous published work and FEA methodology using COMSOL Multiphysics [ 28 ]. This design approach consisted of two phases, (i) estimation phase and (ii) reduction phase of cross-axis sensitivity in the designed gyroscope, as shown in the workflow Figure 6 .…”

Section: Design Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This design approach consisted of two phases, (i) estimation phase and (ii) reduction phase of cross-axis sensitivity in the designed gyroscope, as shown in the workflow Figure 6 . The CAS estimation phase consisted of several FEA analyses, including structure designing, modal analysis, drive, and sense mode analyses, which is explained in detail in our previous work [ 28 ]. In sense mode analysis, cross-axis sensitivity was estimated using two-point method.…”

Section: Design Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On account of further investigation of cross-axis sensitivity of MEMS gyroscope, relationship of gyroscope main sensitivity, drive displacement, and sense frequency difference was analyzed. It can be seen that main sensitivity “

” of the MEMS gyroscope directly related to the drive displacement amplitude “

”, and inversely to the sense frequency difference “

”, as described in Equation (5) [ 28 , 32 ].

where

is the angular input rate,

and

are the drive and sense frequencies, respectively,

is the drive displacement amplitude, and

is the sense quality factor.…”

Section: Design Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, COMSOL Multiphysics offers a more straightforward approach, relatively more accurate and informative than other approaches for CAS analysis. In this work, a previously designed simplified single-drive multi-axis MEMS gyroscope utilizing a mode-split approach [ 27 ] was analyzed for CAS using the established finite element analysis (FEA) based methodology [ 28 ]. A two-point measurement method for cross-axis displacement in the designed gyroscope was introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Approach for Reducing Cross-Axis Sensitivity in a Single-Drive Multi-Axis MEMS Gyroscope

2021

Self Cite

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In this paper, a new design technique is presented to estimate and reduce the cross-axis sensitivity (CAS) in a single-drive multi-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope. A simplified single-drive multi-axis MEMS gyroscope, based on a mode-split approach, was analyzed for cross-axis sensitivity using COMSOL Multiphysics. A design technique named the “ratio-matching method” of drive displacement amplitudes and sense frequency differences ratios was proposed to reduce the cross-axis sensitivity. Initially, the cross-axis sensitivities in the designed gyroscope for x and y-axis were calculated to be 0.482% and 0.120%, respectively, having an average CAS of 0.301%. Using the proposed ratio-matching method and design technique, the individual cross-axis sensitivities in the designed gyroscope for x and y-axis were reduced to 0.018% and 0.073%, respectively. While the average CAS was reduced to 0.045%, showing a reduction rate of 85.1%. Moreover, the proposed ratio-matching method for cross-axis sensitivity reduction was successfully validated through simulations by varying the coupling spring position and sense frequency difference variation analyses. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was verified experimentally using fabricated single-drive multi-axis gyroscope.

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Mode ordering of single-drive multi-axis MEMS gyroscope for reduced cross-axis sensitivity

Din

Iqbal

Lee

2021

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Sensitivity Analysis of Single-Drive, 3-axis MEMS Gyroscope Using COMSOL Multiphysics

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma

Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotheranostic particles for simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and doxorubicin to target osteosarcoma

Design Approach for Reducing Cross-Axis Sensitivity in a Single-Drive Multi-Axis MEMS Gyroscope

Mode ordering of single-drive multi-axis MEMS gyroscope for reduced cross-axis sensitivity

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