Sensitive Signal Amplifying a Diagnostic Biochip Based on a Biomimetic Periodic Nanostructure for Detecting Cancer Exosomes

Abstract

Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging noninvasive biomarker reservoirs that reflect biological information from their parental cells, especially specific markers, including proteins, DNA fragments and RNAs. Recently, analytical methods of tumor-derived exosomes have been increasing growth. However, developing a convenient signal amplification technique to improve the sensitivity of exosomes detection still remains a challenge. Herein, an ultrasensitive and specific exosomes diagnostic biochip is constructed and further applied to circulating tumor exosomes detection in serum. Using an exosomes diagnostic biochip, signal amplification is achieved by combining the advantages of quantum dots with the biomimetic periodic nanostructure of photonic crystals. Glypican-1 (GPC1), a membrane-anchored protein that is overexpressed in exosomes from pancreatic cancer, is detected using nanosized molecular beacons with high luminescence efficiency; then the signal is amplified through photonic crystals. Moreover, the method allows the quantitative analysis of various disease-specific surface proteins on exosomes. We believe that this exosomes diagnostic biochip is likely to have potential as an effective bioassay, which may be helpful for quantification of disease-specific exosomes in clinical use.

Advanced Nanotechnologies for Extracellular Vesicle‐Based Liquid Biopsy

“…For example, Zhang's team designed a diagnostic biochip to detect EVs by combining the advantages of QDs with the biomimetic periodic nanostructure of photonic crystals. [119] A fluorescence polarization assay was also designed to detect EVs, in which the inherent high mass/volume of EVs acts as a mass-based fluorescence polarization amplifier. Thus, dyelabeled aptamers binding to EVs generate a higher signal than free dye-labeled aptamers.…”

“…For example, Zhang's team designed a diagnostic biochip to detect EVs by combining the advantages of QDs with the biomimetic periodic nanostructure of photonic crystals. [ 119 ]…”

Progress in Nanomaterials-Based Optical and Electrochemical Methods for the Assays of Exosomes

“…Zhang et al prepared a biomimetic periodic nanostructure-based diagnostic biochip for exosome detection using QDs. 96 As displayed in Figure 2B, glypican-1 (GPC1) antibody-modified QDs were utilized to label exosomes. When the solution was dropped on the photonic crystals-coated biochip, the fluorescence was significantly amplified.…”

Advances in the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Through Liquid Biopsy

“…Based on the principle that signal amplification can be achieved by combining the advantages of quantum dots and bionic periodic nanostructures of photonic crystals, Zhang et al. ( 34 ) developed a method to analyze circulating tumor exosomes in serum. Nanosized molecular beacons with high luminescence efficiency were used to detect GPC1, whose signal was then amplified via photonic crystals.…”