Sensitive determination of melamine in milk and powdered infant formula samples by high-performance liquid chromatography using dabsyl chloride derivatization followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Abstract

A new and sensitive pre-column derivatization with dabsyl chloride followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the analysis of melamine (MEL) in raw milk and powdered infant formula samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with visible detection. Derivatization with dabsyl chloride leads to improving sensitivity and hydrophobicity of MEL. Under optimum conditions of derivatization and microextraction steps, the method yielded a linear calibration curve ranging from 1.0 to 500μgL with a determination coefficient (R) of 0.9995. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.3μgL, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) for intra-day (repeatability) and inter-day (reproducibility) at 25 and 100μgL levels of MEL was less than 7.0% (n=6). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of MEL in different raw milk and powdered infant formula, and satisfactory results were obtained (relative recovery ⩾94%).

Effects of low‐dose melamine exposure during pregnancy on maternal and fetal kidneys in rats

“…Although advancement of detection methods and the monitoring of food safety can help reduce the incidence of high melamine adulteration, low‐level unintentional melamine contamination of the food chain by giving food animals melamine‐laced animal feed, degradation of the pesticide cyromazine, migration from melamine‐ware and breakdown of melamine foam may still post risk of the contact of the compound. Detection of melamine in the breast milk, whole fetus, and amniotic fluid indicated the contact of melamine through the placental and the lactational transfer, that is, the melamine contact can be as early as in utero and some of the melamine is recirculating in the amniotic fluid in rats .…”

Gold nanoparticle modified silicon nanowire array based sensor for low-cost, high sensitivity and selectivity detection of mercury ions

“…Therefore, it is very important to develop platforms for the detection of mercury ions. In the past few decades, a large variety of analytical techniques have been used to sensitively detect Hg 2+ , such as high-performance liquid chromatogragy (HPLC) [3][4][5][6], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [7,8], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) [9][10][11][12], atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [13][14][15][16] and so on. However, these traditional detection approaches require expensive instruments and complex sample processing procedure, resulting in high costs.…”

Development of a method for melamine determination in beer and beer-type beverages by GC-MS/MS

“…Therefore, several analytical methods for melamine determination in various matrices has been developed. For instance, for dried or fresh dairy products (Cai, 2008;Zhao, 2013;Faraji, 2017), drinking water and wastewater (Beltrán-Martinnavaro, 2013), fish and pork kidney (Nochetto, 2013;Beltrán-Martinavarro, 2014), or body fluids (Marco-Peiró, 2012). Various sample preparation techniques were used for extraction of melamine from sample matrices, e.g., ion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Cai, 2008;Zhao, 2013), cloud-point extraction (Nascimento, 2015), or dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (Mirzajani, 2016;Faraji, 2017).…”

“…For instance, for dried or fresh dairy products (Cai, 2008;Zhao, 2013;Faraji, 2017), drinking water and wastewater (Beltrán-Martinnavaro, 2013), fish and pork kidney (Nochetto, 2013;Beltrán-Martinavarro, 2014), or body fluids (Marco-Peiró, 2012). Various sample preparation techniques were used for extraction of melamine from sample matrices, e.g., ion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Cai, 2008;Zhao, 2013), cloud-point extraction (Nascimento, 2015), or dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (Mirzajani, 2016;Faraji, 2017). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were usually based on separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography with the fluorescence or spectrophotometric detection (de Lourdes Mendes Finete, 2014; Faraji, 2017), micellar liquid chromatography (Peris-Vicente, 2016), capillary zone electrophoresis (Demirhan, 2015), and gas or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (Cai, 2008;Nochetto, 2013;Zhao, 2013).…”

“…For gas chromatographic analysis, derivatization by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was used to increase volatility of melamine (Cai, 2008;Zhao, 2013). Another derivatization by dapsyl chloride was used to increase detection sensitivity of liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (Faraji, 2017). Besides separation techniques, melamine was further determined by molecularly imprinted impedimetric sensors (Wu, 2012), electrochemical sensors (Zhao, 2019), electron fluorescence (Nascimento, 2015), and by ion-mobility spectrometry (Mirzajani, 2016).…”