Sensitive and selective detections of mustard gas and its analogues by 4-mercaptocoumarins as fluorescent chemosensors in both solutions and gas phase

Xue, Min-Jie; Wei, Xiu‐Zhi; Feng, Wei; Xing, Zhong-Fang; Liu, Shilei; Song, Qin‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125789

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Moreover, prominent response signals can be also observed even after more than 100 detection cycles (Figure g–i), especially for TPG and CEES. To the best of our knowledge, such excellent reversibility and fast response (<0.5 s) have not been reported previously. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…As presented, the fabricated films respond reversibly to the examined CWA simulants, especially TPG and CEES. It implies that sensing should be a physical process instead of a conventional chemical reaction. − However, signal recovery is not straightforward, suggesting associating interaction between the analytes and sensing films. To validate the speculation, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of the PCBO-based film in the absence and presence of gaseous TPG are measured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, such excellent reversibility and fast response (<0.5 s) have not been reported previously. 22,35,36 Discrimination of CWA Simulants Using the FFS Array. To realize discriminative detection for CWAs, the other o-CB derivative of benzothiazole (HCBO) was synthesized.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor

Liu

Qin²,

Shi

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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Reliable detection of airborne chemical warfare agents (CWAs) at the site and in real-time remains a challenge due to the rarity of miniaturized analytical tools. Herein, an ocarborane-functionalized benzothiazole derivative (PCBO) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and AIE characteristics was synthesized. The PCBO-based film sensor showed a highly sensitive response to representative simulants of CWAs, and detection limits were found to be 1.0 mg•m −3 for triphosgene, 6.0 mg•m −3 for chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, and 0.2 mg• m −3 for diethyl chlorophosphite. Moreover, the sensor showed great reusability (>100 cycles) and unprecedented response speed (<0.5 s). The excellent sensing performance was ascribed to the microenvironmental sensitivity of the sensing fluorophore, the porous adlayer structure of the film, and the specific binding of the fluorophore to the analytes. Furthermore, discrimination and identification of the examined CWA simulants were realized via the introduction of another fluorophore (HCBO)-based film. Importantly, a portable fluorescent CWA detector was built with the sensor as the key component, and its applicability was demonstrated by the successful detection of a typical CWA sample (Sarin). The present study indicates that fluorescent film sensors could satisfy reliable onsite and real-time detection of harmful chemicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor

Liu

Qin²,

Shi

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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“…Therefore, the most commonly used nucleophilic atoms in fluorescent probes for SMs are sulfur atoms due to the large size and feature of easy polarization . Using sulfur atom as a nucleophilic center, there are two reactive groups: (i) thiol group (−SH), such as thiols − or thiophenols and (ii) thiocarbonyl (CS) (Table S1). − The latter is incorporated into a fluorophore in two forms: (a) sulfur amide − and (b) sulfur ketone. − Phosgene is highly electrophilic, and its two highly reactive acyl chloride groups can easily react with hydroxyl or amino groups to form esters or amides.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Mustard Gas and Phosgene

et al. 2023

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Mustard gas [sulfur mustard (SM)] and phosgene are the most frequently used chemical warfare agents (CWAs), which pose a serious threat to human health and national security, and their rapid and accurate detection is essential to respond to terrorist attacks and industrial accidents. Herein, we developed a fluorescent probe with o-hydroxythioketone as two sensing sites, AQso, which can detect and distinguish mustard gas and phosgene. The dual-sensing-site probe AQso reacts with mustard gas to form a cyclic product with high sensitivity [limit of detection (LOD) = 70 nM] and is highly selective to SM over phosgene, SM analogues, active alkylhalides, acylhalides, and nerve agent mimics, in ethanol solutions. When encountering phosgene, AQso rapidly converts to cyclic carbonate, which is sensitive (LOD = 14 nM) and highly selective. Their sensing mechanisms of AQso to mustard gas and phosgene were well demonstrated by separation and characterization of the sensing products. Furthermore, a facile test strip with the probe was prepared to distinguish 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and phosgene in the gas phase by different fluorescence colors and response rates. Not using the complicated instrument, the qualitative and quantitative detection of CEES or phosgene can be achieved only by measuring the red–green–blue (RGB) channel intensity of the test strip after being exposed to CEES or phosgene gas by the smartphone with an RGB color application.

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“…However, this way also seriously limits the gas-phase detection of fluorescent chemosensors in the real field. Additionally, another way is adding extra bases in the monitoring process to enhance the nucleophilicity of sensing materials and eliminate protonation interference caused by nerve agents. − , However, this strategy also inevitably increases the cost and operational complexity. Considering both the cases, a common way was carried out at a higher temperature (60–80 °C) in previous reports in order to speed up the reaction rate and shorten the response time in not only the liquid phase but also the gas phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Sulfur Mustard Simulant Gas Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Triazole AIEE Material with High Selectivity and Sensitivity at Room Temperature

et al. 2022

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Herein, a novel blue aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) material 4-N-(naphthalen-l-yl)-3,5-bis(4-N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine)phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NDTAZ) is developed and used as a fluorescent chemosensor for sulfur mustard (SM) simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) vapor. The NDTAZ chemosensor is designed by introducing an electron-donating N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine group at 3 and 5 position of 4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) to enhance the nucleophilicity of the TAZ group, and a naphthalene ring is connected to 4 position of the TAZ group to construct an AIEE molecule. The NDTAZ films show extraordinary stability and then are further used as reliable and portable fluorescent chemosensors. Upon exposure to 2-CEES vapor, the NDTAZ chemosensor exhibits an instantaneous fluorescence response (not more than 1 s). What should be noted is that this fluorescent chemosensor realizes the visualized detection of fluorescent color change from blue to green at “room temperature”, which is rarely reported. The limit of detection is estimated to be 0.55 ppm, which is below the AEGL-1 (0.6 ppm for 1 min) safety ceiling level to SM exposure. Moreover, the NDTAZ chemosensor shows high selectivity toward 2-CEES vapor over closely related substances, including alkylating agents, aryl halide compounds, sulphur-containing compounds, and nerve agent mimics. More impressively, the NDTAZ chemosensor demonstrates good recyclability by water treatment. Also, the sensing mechanism is adequately proved by using multiple experimental methods and theoretical calculation. In addition, the NDTAZ-based facile filter paper-constructed test strips are fabricated for real-time and on-spot detection of leaked 2-CEES gas specifically. Therefore, this fluorescent chemosensor with excellent sensing performance greatly advances the practical detection of SM species at room temperature.

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Sensitive and selective detections of mustard gas and its analogues by 4-mercaptocoumarins as fluorescent chemosensors in both solutions and gas phase

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor

Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor

Bifunctional Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Mustard Gas and Phosgene

Ultrafast Sulfur Mustard Simulant Gas Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Triazole AIEE Material with High Selectivity and Sensitivity at Room Temperature

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