Sensing with Femtosecond Laser Filamentation

Abstract

Femtosecond laser filamentation is a unique nonlinear optical phenomenon when high-power ultrafast laser propagation in all transparent optical media. During filamentation in the atmosphere, the ultrastrong field of 1013–1014 W/cm2 with a large distance ranging from meter to kilometers can effectively ionize, break, and excite the molecules and fragments, resulting in characteristic fingerprint emissions, which provide a great opportunity for investigating strong-field molecules interaction in complicated environments, especially remote sensing. Additionally, the ultrastrong intensity inside the filament can damage almost all the detectors and ignite various intricate higher order nonlinear optical effects. These extreme physical conditions and complicated phenomena make the sensing and controlling of filamentation challenging. This paper mainly focuses on recent research advances in sensing with femtosecond laser filamentation, including fundamental physics, sensing and manipulating methods, typical filament-based sensing techniques and application scenarios, opportunities, and challenges toward the filament-based remote sensing under different complicated conditions.

Laser-Chirp Controlled Terahertz Wave Generation from Air Plasma

“…Our findings provide a unique opportunity to manipulate the THz energy yield and output spectrum by adjusting the laser chirp parameters. Other fields of research, such as the near-field THz microscopy [46] and remote sensing, [47] which utilize optically induced plasma, can benefit from our results. Furthermore, in recent years, filament-based THz sources have been extensively studied using the long-wave infrared [3,[11][12][13][14] and other frequency ratios.…”

Conditions for the efficiency of optical limiting based on experiment and quantum chemical calculations

“…For this reason, the development of high-tech laser components is required. It is well known, that optical limiters are capable of operating at high speeds and providing rapid adjustment of radiation parameters, which is important, in particular, for remote sensing to measure distances, 2 using nanosecond 3 and femtosecond 4–6 laser pulses.…”

Electrochemical System for Field Control of Hg2+ Concentration in Wastewater Samples

“…In order to increase the sensitivity and selectivity towards certain analytes, various carbon-based electrode materials were used by modifying their surfaces with substances that have a selective affinity towards the metal ions of interest [ 17 , 18 ]. Several types of carbon materials, including glassy carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon paste, carbon fibers, and SPEs, have been reported as substrate materials for the detection of metal ions [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In recent years, screen-printing has been the most used in electroanalysis for the manufacture of sensors and biosensors [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”