Sensing Mechanism of Potentiometric Gas Sensors Based on Stabilized Zirconia with Oxide Electrodes

Bartolomeo, Elisabetta Di; Grilli, Maria Luisa; Traversa, Enrico

doi:10.1149/1.1695387

Cited by 91 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Figure 13.21 [254][255][256][257][258] shows that the outputs of CO sensors with YSZ electrolytes and WO 3 electrodes decrease with increasing temperature, which, as discussed earlier, is a general tendency for nonequilibrium sensors. Tungsten oxide has also been used as an electrode for NO x sensors [246,[254][255][256][257][258][259][261][262][263], some examples of which are shown in Figure 13.22 [254-259, 262, 263]. Nickel oxide has also been used as the electrode material for NO x sensors [264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274].…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…WO 3 has been used as an electrode for CO sensors [254][255][256][257][258][259][260]. Figure 13.21 [254][255][256][257][258] shows that the outputs of CO sensors with YSZ electrolytes and WO 3 electrodes decrease with increasing temperature, which, as discussed earlier, is a general tendency for nonequilibrium sensors.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…One of the advantages of NiO electrodes is the improved sensor response at high temperatures. Figure 13.23 shows the sensitivities of NO x sensors with WO 3 [254][255][256][257][258][259]262] or NiO [264][265][266][267][268][269] electrodes. As shown above for CO sensors, the responses of sensors with WO 3 electrodes decrease as the temperature is increased above 600 C. The responses of sensors with NiO electrodes, however, remain high up to operating temperatures of 900 C. The response of NiO electrodes can be increased even further with the addition of ruthenium [268].…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LaFeO 3 , which has been used as a semiconductor-type gas sensor [315,316], has also been used as an electrode with YSZ [255,263,317] or NASICON [317,318] electrolytes for potentiometric NO x sensors. Strontium (i.e., (La,Sr)FeO 3 [255,256,284]) or strontium and cobalt (i.e., (La, Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3 [275,280,309]) have been added to LaFeO 3 to improve electrode performance. (La,Ca)MnO 3 doped with either cobalt or nickel on the manganese site has been used as the electrode for NO x sensors [319].…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrocatalytic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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“…As in the case for NO 2 , C3 deviates from the rest of the configurations having a NO sensitivity of opposite sign to the other configurations. According to semiconductor theory [9][10][11], one would expect NO 2 to have a sensitivity of the opposite polarity than that of NO, as was the case for all configurations. In the case of CO, the configuration that deviated the most from the rest was C2.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 84%

La2CuO4 sensing electrode configuration influence on sensitivity and selectivity for a multifunctional potentiometric gas sensor

Macam

White

Blackburn

et al. 2011

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tThe effects of electrical contact configuration for La 2 CuO 4 sensing electrodes for a planar-based potentiometric gas sensor were studied in order to further quantify the effects of processing on sensor performance. Five configurations of La 2 CuO 4 were used for the sensing electrode. The La 2 CuO 4 sensing electrode was screen printed opposite a Pt counter electrode on a tape cast YSZ electrolyte. Three sensors were prepared for each configuration to test repeatability. Each sensor was tested at temperatures from 400 to 700• C at various concentrations of NO 2 , NO, and CO in an environment of 3% O 2 with a balance of N 2 . Results show that these sensors exhibit suitable sensitivity to all the gases tested. More importantly, it was shown that the sensitivity, selectivity/cross-sensitivity, and repeatability of these sensors are dependent on the sensing electrode configuration.

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